America Needs More Cloning Essay examples - 1350 Words

America Needs More Cloning Each day there are numerous automobile accidents on highways. Many people are critically injured, but sadly, it is often easier to repair the automobile. It can be fixed using spare parts. Human drivers and passengers do not have that luxury (Mooney and Mikos, 1999). In this situation, cloning could help. There has been much debate on the issue of cloning, ever since the famous sheep, Dolly, was cloned from a mammary cell. Since that first development of cloning, there have been many forays into the realm of using clones for the advancement of medicine. The fact is, cloning has the potential to have a very big positive impact on society. The main opposition to cloning of any kind is by†¦show more content†¦But, unfortunately, human donors are required. In most cases, in order for a vital organ to become available, another life must end. Even at this great cost, this is still not the best solution. Transplants could be rejected or not function well. Animal donors have also been explored, but these also may not function and they may add the risk of certain diseases (Highfield). Cloned organs require that no life be taken. Rejection is reduced, because the receiver can also be the donor of the tissue. There are two methods of cloning organs. One is by injecting a growth factor into the wound site, causing the patients own cells to migrate and regenerate. The other method is to harvest donor cells and pack them into a three-dimensional polymer scaffold, which is molded into the desired shape. These cells replicate and then can be transplanted into a recipient. The polymer breaks down as the cells form into the shape desired. These organs are called neo-organs. While this may sound like something straight out of a science fiction film, like Dolly, neo-organs are already a reality. All over the United States, grown skin is being used to treat everything from burn victims to skin cancer patients. Also, machines containing cloned liver cells are being used to filter blood until a transplant can be found. Cartilage, because of its relatively simple structure, seems likely to be the next step. Larger organs will takeShow MoreRelatedCloning, The, And False Interpretations Of C loning1424 Words   |  6 PagesCloning, an ethical issue that has been pressed across the globe, has become a substantial debate throughout a majority of nations. The incorporation of a new type of reproduction in the United States has a plentiful amount of benefits for certain animals and objects, but duplicates of humans is hard to comprehend for many people across America. Currently, cloning is an interesting topic that could become a new way to improve reproduction of animals and humans, prevent diseases, and increase theRead MoreHuman Cloning: the Negative Effects on Society1587 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Cloning: The Negative Effects on Society Human cloning is possible but also dangerous to society. One day during an assembly in March 1977, a heated debate began over the topic of human cloning. Both sides were getting very involved in the argument. Suddenly a group of protestors stormed the stage. They were protesting human cloning while chanting, We shall not be cloned! During the protest the group held up a sign that said: We will create the perfect race Ââ€" Adolf Hitler (Lester andRead MoreShould Cloning Be Allowed?1440 Words   |  6 Pageshuman cloning is becoming a feasible practice. Recently there has been a successful cloning of a sheep, so scientists start to speculate the different uses of cloning human embryos. The three forms of cloning that stand out are reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning, and cloning for scientific research. Cloning should be permitted, but only reproductive cloning should be permitted with a limit on the number of babies a person or family can reproduce. The arguments that support cloning dependRead MoreThe Cloning Should Not Be Banned By The Human Body886 Words   |  4 Pages Cloning Dolly, the sheep in 1996 was a momentous moment in scientific history. Scientists removed the nucleus from one of Dolly s skin cells and engineered an egg to be insert with then nucleus. This egg could have fertilized in a mothers uterus. Following this discovery, mice, pigs and cattle have been cloned based on the same concept. In 2012, a group of scientists took cloning a step further and cloned human embryos. With great certainty, human cloning will be banned by the government dueRead MoreEssay about The Ethics of Human Cloning979 Words   |  4 PagesThe Ethics of Human Cloning In order to make a fully justified decision on whether human cloning is ethical or not, one must be exposed to the background of the subject. To start, a clone is an exact replica of an organism, cell, or gene. The process itself is done asexually with the use of a cell from the original human. It is then placed inside a female capable of bearing a child and is then born as a clone. Along with this comes questions of whether or not it is rightRead MoreThe Ethics Of Cloning894 Words   |  4 Pages The ethics of cloning Early in 1997, Scottish scientist Dr. Ian Wilmot revealed to the world that he had successfully cloned an adult sheep, Dolly. With this invention, the world made a aggregate astonishment at the realization that cloning was no longer an aspect of a Science Fiction movie. Since then, human cloning has become one of the most expressing divergent topics in the world, discussions began regarding the ethic consequence of human cloning. In several recent opponentsRead MoreThe Ethics Of Human Cloning890 Words   |  4 Pages The ethics of cloning Early in 1997, Scottish scientist Dr. Ian Wilmot revealed to the world that he had successfully cloned an adult sheep, Dolly. With this invention, the world made a aggregate astonishment at the realization that cloning was no longer an aspect of a Science Fiction movie. Since then, human cloning has become one of the most expressing divergent topics in the world, discussions began regarding the ethic consequence of human cloning. In several recent opponents argue thatRead MoreEthical Issues Related to the Cloning Debate1389 Words   |  6 PagesThe act of cloning a human being comes dangerously close to human beings acting as God. Do human beings have the right to tamper with nature in this way? This essay explores the various ethical issues related to the cloning debate, and seeks answers to this deep philosophical question at the heart of bioethics. As a student of genetic biology and future biologist, this question also has personal relevance. Our science is evolving at a rap id pace. As human cloning becomes increasingly possible, itRead MoreCloning Endangered Species Essay1178 Words   |  5 Pagesrepresentative of the United States of America. Instead of protecting the national emblem, â€Å"on July 4, 1976, the US Fish and Wildlife Service officially listed the bald eagle as a national endangered species† (History of†¦). The representation of the country’s freedom, strength, and beauty lies heavily on this bird; if it were to become an extinct species, what would that say for the United States? There is a very realistic and near-future solution: cloning. The topic of cloning, which has become a part of modern-dayRead MoreHuman Genetics962 Words   |  4 Pagespresents the idea that since human cloning is inevitable, an understanding of the psychological aspects of this development need to be addressed. The second article to review is found in the European Child Adolescent Psychiatry; it relates to the genetic link from a parent that has ADHD or ASD (autism spectrum disorder), to the high percentage that the child from that parent may also be diagnosed with one of those disorders. Psychological Aspects of Human Cloning Dr. Morales explains that because

Different Types Of Assessments That Have Been Standardized...

There are many different types of assessments that are used during different situations and some during different times during the year. Each assessment has its own uses and also its own ‘rules’, which can be categorized as formal and informal. Formal assessments are assessments usually given through tests and are referred to as standardized tests. Informal assessments are assessments is mostly given in natural settings and include tools such as running records and anecdotal notes. This research paper will focus on formative assessments that have been standardized and will answer the questions of what, why and how. Assessments, based on my understanding, can be simplified into three different areas and each area is essential to the overall success of children as they become adults. The areas are considered to be the ‘purposes of assessment’. The three areas include screening assessment, diagnostic assessment and also instructional assessment. When thinking o f using assessments in Early Childhood Education the important key questions to focus on is why, what and how. Why means knowing why an assessment is needed. For what purpose is the assessment being used? What means deciding on what type of assessment should be used, in what situation. First, will it be an informal assessment? Or a formal assessment? And last is how the assessment will be used. This includes the setting, time and the process of the assessment. Understanding the key questions of why, what and how isShow MoreRelatedHigh Stakes Testing And The Turn Is Not Well Received1152 Words   |  5 Pagesaccountability through assessment, such as standardized tests. There are many defining factors and elements that are articulated in the realm of standardized testing. Some of these factors are academic shift from learning to accountability in learning, test data, the problems that plague education and schools related to standardized tests, and the possible solutions for them. Education has gone from standardized testing to high stakes testing and the turn is not well received. A standardized test is definedRead MoreBehavioral Language Assessment: Part 1 (ABLLS-R)800 Words   |  4 Pagestopic for todays reading was Behavioral Language Assessment: Part 1 (ABLLS-R). One of the assigned readings, Language Assessment and Development in Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorders, presented several key findings emerged from a study of early language abilities in a large sample of toddlers with ASD. They found out that although the measures employed in this study to assess emerging language skills in toddlers with ASD involved direct assessment, parent questionnaire and parent interview, thereRead MoreAssessment Of A Comprehensive Assessment System1620 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: As an assessment coordinator, I was not hesitant to choose ‘’ a Comprehensive Assessment System’’ to be the topic of my literature review. Believing that properly and consistently using students’ results for continuous improvement is a major factor for any school’s success, I save no efforts to review and research for techniques related to assessment definition, nature, types, strategies, importance, and effects. Throughout this literature review, I aim at sharing my thoughtsRead MoreQuestions On Reading Assessment On Students Reading Behaviors, Determining Reading Level, And Assess Students Progress1714 Words   |  7 PagesChapter two summary talks about the purpose of reading assessment which there three; identifying the students reading behaviors, determining reading level, and assess students’ progress. When you’re a good reader you don’t realize the different ways you read different genre or material like a s tory versus informational text and how both are different methods of comprehension, questioning, and vocabulary. Another part of reading good readers don’t know about is that we exhibit a variety of behaviorsRead MoreEssay about Assessment Choices in the Classroom954 Words   |  4 Pagespublic school assessment practices. There is a tremendous amount of pressure on schools to demonstrate academic progress; this pressure is mainly in the form of standardized testing. Currently the assessment practices that are used are traditional and non-authentic forms of assessment that reveal only if a student can recognize or recall what they have learned. In an effort to redefine learning in our schools, emphasis needs to be placed on authentic educational assessments and standardized testing toRead MoreThe Students Language Learners ( Ells )1641 Words   |  7 Pagesachievement and most importantly, his or her performance on standardized tests. These differences must be understood, valued and respected by all service providers, especially those who are involved in the decision making process concerning the placement of students in special educational programs. (Roseberry-McKibbin, 2014). One approach that values ELLs’ cultural characteristics and differences is the use of efficacious and nonbiased standardized tests that are culturally and linguistically sensitiveRead MoreEssay on Standardized Testing in Schools1399 Words   |  6 PagesViews on Standardized Testing Standardized testing has long been a controversial method of assessment in our schools. Such tests are important indicators of student achievement and aptitude. However, some standardized test scores have been misused as a manner in which to track students, allocate school funds, and even determine teacher pay. Standardized tests, when used appropriately and for the right reasons, can adequately determine a students present level of strengths and weaknesses and hisRead MoreStandardized Testing Has Made A Huge Impact Not Only On Our Educational System1713 Words   |  7 PagesStandardized testing has made a huge impact not only on our educational system, it has also had a negative impact on certain groups of students. One of the groups of students that have been affected by standardized testing the most are English Language Learners (ELL). ELL’s are expected to take and pass a test that they are not able to read and understand. It is not fair to make students take a test in a language that they are still learning and will not be able to comprehend. Although there areRead MoreStandardized Testing Has a Negative Effect on American Youth Essay1133 Words   |  5 Pagesenlisted in the armed forces, but before you are shipped off to France, you have to take what is known as an Army Alpha Test. Your scores will be compared to more than a million others and the results will determine whether you are placed in an officer training program or simply thrust onto the battlefield. High stakes were placed on this test 93 years ago; high stakes are placed on tests modeled after them today. The standardized achievement tests commonly used in schools today evolved from the ArmyRead MoreThe Downfalls Of Standardized Testing Essay1221 Words   |  5 Pages The Downfalls of Standardized Testing A high school student wakes up knowing today is the big test day. It will determine whether he graduates and has the chance to go to college. At the turn of the first page, his stomach drops; his best subject is not even covered on the test. If this is true for many students across the nation, why and how are standardized tests able to measure their capabilities? Testing has consumed the time and attention of schools, teachers, and students. It has controlled

Decision Support Systems Essay Sample free essay sample

Role of Decision Support System for DecisionMaking Process in Global Business Environment Decision Support System: A Decision Support System is an incorporate set of computing machine tools leting a determination shaper to interact straight with computing machine to recover information utile in doing semi structured and unstructured determinations. Example of this determinations include such things as amalgamation and acquisition determinations. works enlargement. new merchandise determinations portfolio direction and selling determinations. Decision devising is a cardinal managerial activity. It may be conceptualized as dwelling of four phases: intelligence. design. pick and execution. Important facets of the Decision Support System: 1 ) The most of import consideration is the Decision Support System’s easiness of usage – its ability to let non -technical people to cover with it straight. The individual greatest and most digesting job with computing machines has been t heir inflexibleness. their inability to allow the individual who really needs the information to cover straight with the computing machine. 2 ) The ability to entree information should non be restricted to merely the portion of an organisation or to merely certain managerial or professional groups. Alternatively the resource should be distributed to all of the people and portion of an organisation necessitating it without widespread entree ; the power of advanced Distributed Processing System will travel untapped as they typically have in the yesteryear. 3 ) The ideal Decision Support System in crisp contrast to old method of planing applications should non be a ‘system’ at all in the rigorous sense of the term. Rather. it should be a extremely adaptative determination support generator that can easy be used by professionals to rapidly plan informations support paradigms suited to each specific decision-making undertaking. This adaptative tool must let speedy design alterations if the original design does non closely fit a person’s information assemblage manner or demands. 4 ) To adequately back up th e human component. this extremely adaptative support capableness must be able to supply entree to operational informations and every bit good as to summary informations that already has been processed by application plans designed for other specific operational undertakings. Equally of import this tool must supply the professional with entree to an organization’s natural informations and it must let the entree to be accomplished in one measure utilizing a individual unsophisticated process or bid and without holding to re-key non drumhead informations. 5 ) The organisations need to entree original informations sometimes because efficiency is related to how good the original information is organized in the system ; the Decision Support Generator should be able to interface with a true DBMS. It should besides be able to entree criterion ‘flat’ files indirectly utilizing the power of the host computing machine to ease both the user interface and informations entree without altering bing files. 6 ) The Decision Support Generator should allow the user decide whether information should be displayed on the CRT screen for immediate usage or whether it should be printed for subsequently usage. The best manner to carry through such flexible inf ormations presentation is through a work station. The direction or professional information workstation would integrate a keyboard. show screen and an interface to a pressman which could publish everything from consecutive text to artworks like pie charts. saloon charts and line charts. 7 ) The support tool must interface with several different systems and capablenesss. it must be compatible with all of them. the tool must supply users with a individual easy used linguistic communication to entree manipulate and present informations in a manner that will outdo support the end-user. 8 ) To ease data format and pull stringsing displayed informations. the determination support generator should ideally be able to interface with word processing package. With this capableness. the DSS becomes the critical nexus between informations processing and office mechanization. incorporating both maps in an easily-used. consecutive frontward. highly powerful system. Decision doing features in the Global Business Environment: Business Strategy/Decision Making Characteristics Multinational: ( decentralized federation ) Decision doing decentralized to subordinates. informal relationships between caput quarters and subordinates International: ( co-ordinated federation ) More critical d etermination and cognition in general developed at caput quarters and transferred to subordinates Global: ( centralised federation ) Decisions made at the centre cognition developed and retained at the centre. Multinational: ( incorporate web ) Decision devising and knowledge coevals distributed among units Directors and Decision Support System: The day-to-day work of a director. as 100s of brief activities of great assortment. necessitating rapid displacements of attending from one issue to another. really frequently initiated by emerging jobs. A director maintains a complex web of contacts outside and interior of the organisation. A successful director is non swamped by onslaught of these activities: he or she maintains a personal docket. Effective director carve out as it were. their ain informal construction within the corporate construction and they use this web to maintain themselves informed and influence others. It has been absorbed that proactive director make particular attempts to develop a long-run position and long-run docket. The demand for types of information produced by determination support system has ever been present. Decision support systems have become popular chiefly because of their capableness to make full this demand. Nowadays handiness of the computing machine hardware. the coming of the Database Management System in the 1970’s provided agencies for storage and direction of big sum of informations. big addition in figure of package bundles integrating the maps of a determination support system. Finally many MBAs who were trained analytic techniques are now making the center and upper degrees of corporations. These persons know how to utilize the tools that determination support system provide. So in most of the organisation. directors used the computing machine based Data processing applications. This leads to develop the determination support system in concern universe. A widely held impression is that modern determination -making is a extremely structured procedure. Harmonizing to this position. direction makes determinations by garnering and analysing all the relevant information. reexamining all possible options and so calmly and rationally taking the class of action that provides maximal benefits at minimum hazard. Directors play three types of functions in transporting out their maps. Interpersonal functions are chiefly based on face-to-face interactions ; through in some instances computerized communications media may be employed. Informational and determination func tions are supported by assortment of information system. which make information available. aid in determination devising and function as agencies of communicating. All the managerial functions have an component of determination devising: the determination functions are the 1s where this is the important facet. The director brings together resources in a fresh manner. Decision support system assists an enterpriser in sing options. choosing one and be aftering for its execution. Managing perturbations is a portion of managerial control. Resource allotment is the kernel of planning and determination support systems have become indispensable in many organisations for their intent. The director is a job convergent thinker. and the cardinal activity in job resolution is determination doing. Decision devising is the procedure of placing a job. developing alternate solution and choosing and implementing one of them. An experient director recognizes a job as similar to one he or she has already encountered. The intuitive appreciation of a job most frequently relies on such an ability to set up an analogy. The systems approach to job work outing helps to pull off complexness. Decision support system in the organisational environment: Organizations that have been the most successful in the implementing DSS have much in common. They have good established. good controlled and good structured informations processing system which provides dealing treating informations necessary for DSS. Such organisations have spent excess money and forces necessary to keep a research and development focal point. All the sections in the organisation have communicated with cardinal groups of computing machine. The full sections have sufficient assurance to originate and pull off systems undertakings. The cardinal computing machine groups have several people on its staff that either came from all other departments’ . Education and preparation plans are used by the organisations to construct common apprehension between sections and the computing machine group. Capabilities offered by DSS: 1 ) Support determination devising in ill-structured situations- in which. exactly owing to the deficiency of construction. job do non impart themselves to full cybernation. and yet require computing machine aid for entree to and processi ng of voluminous sum of informations. 2 ) Aid to quickly obtain measures consequences needed to make the determination. 3 ) Operate the ad hoc manner to accommodate the current demands of the user. as opposed to runing in a by and large scheduled manner as direction coverage system do. 4 ) Support assorted phases of the determination devising procedure. 5 ) Foster high-quality determination devising by promoting determinations based on the integrating of available information and human judgement. 6 ) Offer flexibleness as opposed to a preordained form of usage – doing it easy to suit the peculiar determination doing manner of an persons. 7 ) Facilitate the execution of the determinations which often cut across section boundaries. 8 ) Support group determination doing peculiarly through group DSS ( GDSS ) . 9 ) Give directors the chance to derive a better apprehension for their concern by developing and working with theoretical accounts. Decision: Within the past several old ages. computing machines have been used progressively in countries of fiscal direction. production analysis. short-run planning and geographical analysis. Today’s concern universes. Computers are used for determination devising procedure as a Decision support system. Decision Support System is types of direction information system whose chief aim is to back up a human determination shaper during the procedure of geting at determination. The strength of DSS lies in back uping determination devising in state of affairss where both human judgement and the power of the computing machine are required. DSS chiefly back up for strategic. tactical and operational planning. Properly designed and integrated. the DSS becomes a really powerful support tool that enhances the productiveness of professionals’ at all organisational degrees in all sections. It can efficaciously widen the organization’s present staff by cut downing its work load. thereby increasing productiveness. And with today’s engineering and province of the art package tools. it can convey us even closer to bridging the chasms and operations reach universes. These characteristics can offer today’s organisations pressed more than of all time before to maximise efficiency while cut downing costs unprecedented benefits in the use and direction of both their homo and computing machine resources. Mention: 1 ) â€Å"Management Information System† by Viladimir Zwass 2 ) â€Å"The nature of Organizational Decision Making and the Design of Decision Support System† by George. P Huber. 3 ) â€Å"Introduction to Business Data Processing† by Lawrence S. Orillia 4 ) â€Å"Management Information System† by James O. Hicks JR 5

The Culture of Heavy Metal Music Listeners Around the World free essay sample

The crowd will usually sing along word for word with the band in a language they dont even speak (in some cases even drowning out the band); it is an incredible example of music transcending cultural barriers. A great example can be found in the video recording of the and Judas Priest playing Japan to a crowd of over 1 9,000 fans; when the camera focuses on the crowd you can see them all singing along with the music and can see that they are all very emotionally moved by the experience (through facial expressions, crying, cheering, etc). English also comes into play when fans and listeners turn to the Internet to discuss and rate bands, and to discover new music. Somewhere around 87. 5% of all Internet forums and news sites devoted to heavy metal music are presented in English, despite there being an obvious presence of participants from predominantly on-English speaking countries (a large majority seem to come from Japan, Finland, and Switzerland). We will write a custom essay sample on The Culture of Heavy Metal Music Listeners Around the World: or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some fans will learn English both in order to understand the song material and to communicate with the bands and other likened fans; others will use translating programs to communicate.Another cultural phenomenon is that metal fans tend to have a much higher rate of smoking tobacco (usually cigarettes Which has the most research reported on it) than others. The reasons and hypotheses for why this occurs seem to differ across different nations. In both the United States and Great Britain there is a strong correlation relationship between heavy metal music and high risk taking/ delinquent behavior (keep in mind that correlation does not imply causation His definitely does not mean that heavy metal music causes or influences adolescents to adapt delinquent behavior). Due to smoking being considered a delinquent behavior in the popular culture in these nations, there is an obvious correlation between smoking and metal music in English speaking Europe and the United States. In most non-English speaking European nations tobacco use is almost considered a national pastime. In countries like France and Italy smokers are a majority of the population in general, so the metal fans do not really stand apart from the cultural norm.In Asian countries smoking is more socially acceptable than in English speaking countries, but there is a slightly higher rate of smokers who are metal fans over smokers in the general population. The surveys that have been done in Asian countries point to a higher rate of hero worship and idealization; being that many heavy metal musicians smoke and are heroes to their fans this hypothesis makes a lot of sense. Most cultures also have a manner of dress that is recognizable (although his is becoming rare due to the current globalization trend Tit the 4 different cultural groups that this paper is focusing on the fashion trends are almost identical). Most heavy metal listeners tend to wear darker clothes (usually blacks and reds), but due to the culture stressing individuality and truth, the actual manner of dress can vary quite a bit from metadata to metadata. Ata concert (no matter which cultural area ifs in) the most common attire for a fan is a black band t-shirt or hooded sweatshirt and jeans. Heavy metal fans also tend to have more piercing and tattoos then on-metal fans (many long time fans will actually incorporate bands and/or metal imagery into their skin art).There are several pictures included at the end of the paper to give a better visual example, but there is no way to possibly include the looks for every metal fan. The article Heavy Metal Carnival and Desalination was based on four years of concert fieldwork and extensive music media analysis (including bands such as Cradle of Filth, GEAR, Insane Clown pos se, Marilyn Manson, and Slipknot), this article shows how he. Y metal music and its carnival culture express a disc-alienating politics of resistance. Applying Bakings multifaceted conceptualization of the carnival-grotesque, the author explains how grotesque realism in metal music and performances constitutes a proto- utopian lamina alternative to the impersonal, conformist, superficial, unequal, and numbing realities of commercialism and, more abstractly, a resistance to a society of spectacle and nothingness. The article really showcases how the metal community tends to be a counter culture even across different popular culture norms in multiple nations. Heavy metal fans had less strong reasons for living (especially male fans) ND had more thoughts of suicide (especially female fans).For a large majority, listening to music (all types) had a positive effect on mood. Overall, the results indicate that preference for heavy metal music among adolescents may be a red flag for increased suicidal vulnerability, but also suggest that the source of the problem may lie more in personal and familial characteristics than in any direct effe cts of the music. To put it simply, fans of heavy metal music may be in a higher risk group for suicide; but it is more likely that they are drawn to the music due to prior conditions and that the sic has a soothing and therapeutic effect.In several studies across different nations (including Britain, Japan, and the United States) it was seen that heavy metal listeners were much more likely to attempt to play a musical instrument. Over 1 3rd of adolescent heavy metal listeners saw themselves in a music related career 10 years down the line. The most popular reason heavy metal fans said that they for enjoyed the music was that the performers had a lot of skill and talent. The next reason was that they related to the social issues expressed in the music.In American ND British studies, heavy metal listeners had higher rated intelligence then those that did not listen to heavy metal music. A great example of heavy metal culture crossing national boundaries is the Annual Weaken Open Air Festival that is held every year in Germany. It is a 3 day long festival that devoted to heavy metal music. Several bands travel from all over the world (such as All That Remains from the United States, Guitarists from Japan, Children of Body from Finland, Iron Maiden from Great Britain, and 3 Inches of Blood from Canada), the bands will play music for all 3 days from noon till midnight.

Bill Gates Bib

Bill Gates Bib Bill Gates is one of the most influential people in the world. He is cofounder of the most recognized brands in the computer industry with nearly every desk top computer using at least one software program from Microsoft. According to Forbes magazine Gates is the wealthiest man in the world and has been in the number 1 position for at least seven years.Gates was born and grew up in Seattle, Washington USA. His father, William H. Gates II was a Seattle attorney and his mother, Mary Maxwell Gates was a school teacher and chairperson of the United Way charity. Gates and his two sisters had a comfortable upbringing, with Gates able to attend the exclusive secondary "Lakeside School".Bill Gates started studying at Harvard University in 1973 where he met up with Paul Allen. Gates and Allen gates worked on a version of the programming language BASIC, that was the basis for the MITS Altair (the first microcomputer available).English: Melinda Gates in World Economic Forum (Cr...He did not go on to graduate from Harvard University as he left in his junior year to start what was to become the largest computer software company in the world, Microsoft Corporation.Bill Gates and the Microsoft Corporation"To enable people and businesses throughout the world to realize their full potential." Microsoft Mission StatementAfter dropping out of Harvard Bill Gates and his partner Paul Allen set about revolutionizing the computer industry. Gates believed there should be a computer on every office desk and in every home.In 1975 the company Micro-soft was formed, an abbreviation of microcomputer software. It soon became simply "Microsoft"Â ® and went on to completely change the way people use computers.Microsoft helped to make the computer easier to use with its developed and purchased software, and made it a commercial success. The success of...

Free Essays on The Flood Of Gilgamesh

Utanapishti & Noah: A Comparative Analysis In the Epic of Gilgamesh the story of Utanapishtim is very similar to the story of Noah in the Holy Bible. In both stories the God(s) saw the wickedness in man and intended to destroy them. The God(s) favored one man in both stories who had similar characteristics. Both were very noble and God(s) fearing men. Utanapishtim and Noah were both given the same instructions by their God(s). In the story of Noah, God saw all that was evil in the world and wanted it destroyed. He however found favor in Noah and warned and ordered him to build a boat (ark). As God observed how bad it was, and saw that all man kind was vicious and depraved, he said to Noah, â€Å"I have decided to destroy all mankind; for the earth is filled with crime because of man. Yes, I will destroy mankind from the earth. Make a boat from resinous wood, sealing it with tar; and construct decks and stalls throughout the ship. (Genesis 6:12-14) In the story of Utanapishtim the Gods were going to destroy the city of Shuruppak and all of mankind. The Gods found favor in Utanapishtim and warned him to build a boat. O man of Shuruppak, son of Ubartutu: Tear down the house and build a boat! Abandon wealth and seek living beings! Spurn possessions and keep alive living beings! Make all living beings go up into the boat. (Tablet XI; Line 23-27) Noah built the boat (ark) exactly as God wanted and did all that God had commanded him to do. (Genesis 6:22). Utanapishtim also did as the Gods had command him and built a boat. (Tablet XI; Line 32-34) When the day came God instructed Noah to take on the boat his family, himself and all that God considered to be righteous. He also told him to bring all animals in pairs, except for the ones he had chosen for food and sacrifice (Genesis 7:1-4). Utanapishtim also took his family and whatever else he had (silver, gold). He also put all animals and the craftsmen. (Tablet XI; Line 76-81)... Free Essays on The Flood Of Gilgamesh Free Essays on The Flood Of Gilgamesh Utanapishti & Noah: A Comparative Analysis In the Epic of Gilgamesh the story of Utanapishtim is very similar to the story of Noah in the Holy Bible. In both stories the God(s) saw the wickedness in man and intended to destroy them. The God(s) favored one man in both stories who had similar characteristics. Both were very noble and God(s) fearing men. Utanapishtim and Noah were both given the same instructions by their God(s). In the story of Noah, God saw all that was evil in the world and wanted it destroyed. He however found favor in Noah and warned and ordered him to build a boat (ark). As God observed how bad it was, and saw that all man kind was vicious and depraved, he said to Noah, â€Å"I have decided to destroy all mankind; for the earth is filled with crime because of man. Yes, I will destroy mankind from the earth. Make a boat from resinous wood, sealing it with tar; and construct decks and stalls throughout the ship. (Genesis 6:12-14) In the story of Utanapishtim the Gods were going to destroy the city of Shuruppak and all of mankind. The Gods found favor in Utanapishtim and warned him to build a boat. O man of Shuruppak, son of Ubartutu: Tear down the house and build a boat! Abandon wealth and seek living beings! Spurn possessions and keep alive living beings! Make all living beings go up into the boat. (Tablet XI; Line 23-27) Noah built the boat (ark) exactly as God wanted and did all that God had commanded him to do. (Genesis 6:22). Utanapishtim also did as the Gods had command him and built a boat. (Tablet XI; Line 32-34) When the day came God instructed Noah to take on the boat his family, himself and all that God considered to be righteous. He also told him to bring all animals in pairs, except for the ones he had chosen for food and sacrifice (Genesis 7:1-4). Utanapishtim also took his family and whatever else he had (silver, gold). He also put all animals and the craftsmen. (Tablet XI; Line 76-81)...

Governance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Governance - Essay Example The right role requires board member engagement. The traditional model has a passive board that requires minimal participation from the board whose main job was to approve management decision. The CEO has the discretion and the board has limited accountability. The certifying board model focuses on credibility to shareholders ensuring that the business is managed properly and CEO meets requirements. The engaged board is likened to a CEO’s partner that constantly provides insight, advice, and support on key decisions and actively defines role and boundaries. The intervening board asserts its presence and deeply involved in key decisions through intense meetings. The operating board decides what the management implements and usually characterized by start-ups where executives still need more management experience. The right work requires the boards to potentially participate in dozens of distinct areas although focus may be on legal areas such as counseling senior management, ev aluating CEO, and ensuring effective audit, among others. Ideally, the working board must also be able to provide support to directors who need help, whom to retain for the next term as well as those to release. Committees may also help them stay in focus and concentrate on specific issues. The right people in the board require competence as a group and as individuals, but in reality, capabilities mismatch expectations. The right agenda requires the need for the board to discuss then thoroughly through annual off-site meetings beyond the regular ones where they mingle with the management and employees to gain insight as well as get fruitful results. Right information should not be too much or too little but enough to provide exact and necessary information that they need to know and discuss. The right culture engages the board with candor and willingness to challenge as it reflects the social and work dynamics of a performing team (Nadler, 2004). The Principles of Good Governance an d The Seven Practices Lawrence and Weber (year) prescribed five principles of good governance for the board through selection of outside directors to fill majority of positions, conduct open elections for members of the board, appoint independent lead director or chairman of the board and hold regular meetings without the CEO present, align director compensation with corporate performance, and evaluate the board's own performance on a regular basis. The overlap between the lists of Nadler and Lawrence and Weber is that Lawrence and Weber’s list is encompassed on Nadler’s right mind-set. Nadler’s is more encompassing, extensive, and specific while Lawrence and Weber’s were traditional at most. Executive Pay and the Principles of Board Practices Through the right people method, Nadler’s practices may eliminate those which are performing questionably, thus maintaining performers that may be threatened with competition. In addition, transparency and eq uity is also promoted in order to determine that it is not only senior management or executives that monopolize compensation but must be distributed equally to all members of the organization as one component should be determined as important as the others. This will help distribute compensation from the executives down to the rank and file (Martinelli, 2011). Board Performance and Application to Disney One of the bigger problems of the Walt

Elections - Public Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Elections - Public Law - Essay Example Encyclpoedia Britannica defines an election as a formal process of making decision in which a population chooses an individual to hold public office. Since the 17th century, elections have been widely exploited in modern representative democracy. Elections are used in filing various offices ranging from legislative offices, executive offices and even in private and business organizations. As such, election integrity has been formulated to ensure free and fair elections. Election integrity is basically a set of standards that are built on democratic principals and a legal system that spearheads and protects free, fair and equitable elections. This paper will analyze these principles and policies that would ensure the elections meet these standards, within the typology reviewed by Kornblith and Jawahar (124-137). Respect for Principles of Electoral Democracy This principle gives all citizens equal opportunities to not only participate in an election as voters but also as candidates. Eq ual voting powers must be given to all citizens during an election. Besides, the voters must be assured their right of privacy during the voting process. The political information must be accessible to the voters as well. The elections must also be held regularly during which the free casted votes of the majority remains the sole deciding factor The principles of electoral democracy highly value the free and fair elections. An election is free when it depends on freedom from fear, freedom of assembly, speech, movement and association. An election is fair when all participants are given equal opportunities, when it is transparent, when it is free from intimidation, when there is equitable electoral legislation and system, when it is conducted by an independent and impartial commission, when a proper procedure is followed, and when there is the acceptance of the electoral results. Election integrity is based on the commitment to stick to the democratic system of government as well as the rule of law. It also depends on the channels for participation and complaints and the willingness to accept change if and when there is need. Acceptance of the official results is also very important for election integrity. The system should put in place both institutional and legal framework that ensures the free and fair election. Ethical Conduct This principle requires administrators, the officers conducting the election; the candidates in the election, the parties and anybody participate in the electoral process to conduct them selves with a high degree of ethics. This is to say that all participants must carry out themselves in a way that works towards a free and fair election, and that ensures that the integrity of the process is upheld. It is necessary for all the participants to play their parts in a transparent professional and impartial manner. It would be wrong for public officials to use their offices for their personal gains. At the same time, lobbyists should not use any incentives to inappropriately influence the electoral or public officials; in fact, the law requires that they reveal all their funding and spending. Respect for other people’s political rights and their activity is an important part of the principle of ethical conduct. Both the electoral administrators and the voters must accept the fact that everyone has the right to debate political matters and hold different political views. They must also understand that nobody reserves the right to interfere with the efforts of polit ical parties to spread their message or even the political activities of the other citizens. Accuracy Accuracy is another very vital principle in election. In as much as dishonesty and fraudulent practices are the major drawbacks to integrity in elections, honest mistakes or human error may also take place during the process. Professionalism and accuracy on the part of the election administration is therefore very necessary. The integrity and

Ancient Africa and the Present Slavery Essay Example for Free

Ancient Africa and the Present Slavery Essay The book â€Å"Segu† is a novel written by Maryse Conde. Set in 1797, the novel a story of the Africans during that era. Interestingly, Conde was able to create a novel that makes the lives of her characters as the most evident proof of the life experienced by people who lived in Mali during the ancient times. Clearly, the issue of religion, norms, and traditions are depicted as important aspects of society that affected the people of Old Mali. Due to the astounding narration of Conde, I was attracted to the characters as well as the history of Mali. I specifically became interested in the detailed narration of the African culture as well as the slavery experienced by the black Africans at the hands of the colonizers. It is interesting to note that, although the Africans were subjected to slavery over 300 years ago, the controversies and issues surrounding slavery still persist. It seems like the wounds caused by slavery are still engraved in the minds and personal history of every individual. Hence, I can only assume that there is still inequality happening not only in Africa but also in the world. Noting that the current African nations are one of the poorest in the world, I have come to conclude that Africans are still subjected to slavery today; only this time, they are now slaves of the current world, as most of the resources mined or produced within the African nations are not utilized and enjoyed by the Africans themselves but acquired by foreigners to serve their own self-interests. Hence, Africans are not given what they deserve to attain and enjoy. It is saddening that after more than 300 years, the African nations in general are still experiencing various conflicts in terms of religion, norms, and traditions. During an era of globalization and international cooperation, one must bear in mind that there is a need for change and development not just in the economic or political aspects but also in the social and cultural outlook. Work Cited Conde, Maryse. Segu. New York: Viking Penguin Inc. , 1987.

Implementing a Management Information System

Implementing a Management Information System Chapter No. 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research Aim The basic purpose of this research is to get knowledge about the implementing a management information system in an organization. Moreover, it judges the convenience of a management information system in an organization in managing the information. By implementing this management information system, the management of information becomes easier for the managers. 1.2 Scope This project is not a very complicated according to the concepts, but still it is a challenging task for the mangers to implement this system in their organizations. This research is basically depends upon the general ideas and experimentation to resolve problems and get to the faster solutions for managers. 1.3 Research Objectives Appraise critically and review the literature related to the MIS. Make systems according to the mangers requirements that help them to get the information faster and accurate. Make systems that help the managers to search the database quickly. Make the information process system faster for the managers to minimize the time. 1.4 Research Questions Which are the factors that are affecting the proper working of management information system within the company? How the management information system can help the managers to take accurate and efficient decisions? What is the role of management information system in the development and growth of the company? What are the recommendations to the company to get better use of management information system? 1.5 PURPOSE OF STUDY The use of Management Information System in the business organizations is more common. The purpose of the research is to assess the impact of implementation of Management Information System (MIS) to Habib Bank Limited. So the study was conducted to see the MIS affects on the performance of bank after its implementation. 1.6 HYPOTHESIS H0: Management Information Systems (MIS) is not an effective tool for the organization. H1: Management Information Systems (MIS) is an effective tool for the organization. 1.7 HABIB BANK LIMITED â€Å"HBL was the first commercial bank established in Pakistan in 1947. Over the years, HBL has grown its branch network and become the largest private sector bank with over 1450 branches across the country and a customer base exceeding five million relationships. The Government of Pakistan privatized HBL in 2004 through which AKFED acquired 51% of the Banks shareholding and management control. With a presence in 25 countries, subsidiaries in Hong Kong and the UK, affiliates in Nepal, Nigeria, Kenya and Kyrgyzstan and rep offices in Iran and China, HBL is also the largest domestic multinational. The Bank is expanding its presence in principal international markets including the UK, UAE, South and Central Asia, Africa and the Far East. Key areas of operations include product offerings and services in Retail and Consumer Banking. HBL has the biggest Corporate Banking portfolio in the country with a dynamic Investment Banking section. SME and Agriculture lending programs and banking services are offered in urban and rural canters.† (www.habibbankltd.com). â€Å"With a customer base of 5 million and a network of more than 1,450 branches in Pakistan, HBL is the largest private bank in the country. The network means that bank is geographically closer to its customers than any other bank. This gives the insights needed to provide a variety of products that directly reflect customer needs. Bank remains resolute in the commitment to provide products that are competitive and services that are exemplary.† (www.habibbankltd.com) Today, HBL plays a central role in Pakistans financial and economic development. It started its operations in Bombay in 1941 with a fixed capital of 25,000 rupees. Impressed by its primary performance, Quaid-e-Azam Mohammed Ali Jinnah (the founder of Pakistan) asked the Bank to shift its operations to Karachi after the creation of Pakistan. HBL recognized itself in the Quaids city in 1943 and became a symbol of pride and growth for the people of Pakistan. 1.8 MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM Management Information System is a system that provides people with either data or information related to an organizations operations. MIS support the activities of employees, owners, customers and other key people in the organizations environment either by efficiently processing data to assist with the than section work load or by effectively supplying information to authorized people in a timely manner. A management information system (MIS) is the collection of system, both computerized and manual, that provides information about on going activities to an organizations decision makers. The management information system of Habib Bank Limited has following major divisions: * Transaction Processing System * Management Reporting System * Decision Support System * Office Information System. 1.9 TRANSACTION PROCESSION SYSTEM OF HABIB BANK LIMITED Transaction processing system supports the processing of Habib Bank Limited by automating the process of voluminous amounts of paperwork that must be handled daily. These systems include accurate recording of daily Transactions, controlling the procedure of issuance e.g. issuance of pay cheques invoices, customer statements, payment remainders, tuition bills and employee schedules etc. 1.10 Transaction Processing Functions There are three steps of processing a transaction. 1.10.1 Book Keeping First of all accurate record of transaction is recorded e.g. recording the deposits or withdrawals of account holders. This recording of transaction is called Book Keeping involving applications of financial accounting. 1.10.2 Issuance It refers to the production of pay cheques, invoices, periodic statements as monthly telephone bills, credit card bills and payment remainders etc. 1.10.3 Control Reporting Reports that are produced as a by product of transaction processing operation and that also serves operation control purposes are called control reports, as pay cheques are of Habib Bank are produced in batches, like wise the payroll edit report is produced to show the pay scheme of employees. 1.11 MANAGEMENT REPORTING SYSTEM Management Reporting System is an information system that provides predefined types of information to management. At Habib Bank Management Reporting System is used not only in management planning but also in managing the control system. 1.12 Properties of Management Reporting System 1.12.1 Support Management Reporting System supports structured and semi-structured decision, primarily at the middle-and lower-management levels. 1.12.2 Provision of Information Management Reporting System Provides fixed types of information, in an established format; the formation requirements of users are normally known and stable. 1.12.3 Nature of Management Reports Often implemented with voluminous, hardcopy reports, requiring each user to search specifically for key information. Frequently require a formal request to be submitted; formal systems development may be required to approve the request. 1.12.4 Data It has usually consisted of internal operational data, rather than data about the external environment. It concerned with data about the past than data relating to the future. 1.13 DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM It is a system that provides tools to managers to assist them in solving semi-structured and unstructured problems in their own somewhat personalized way. At Habib Bank decisions are only taken by Board of Directors otherwise usually predefined decisions are there for managers to follow. 1.14 Properties of Decision Support System of Habib Bank 1.14.1 Support Decision Support System supports semi-structured or unstructured decision-making. 1.14.2 Flexibility The Decision Support System of Habib Bank is flexible enough to respond to the changing needs of decisions makers. 1.14.3 Application Way Decision support system of Habib Bank is easy to use. 1.14.4 Fastness Decision Support System is fast in responding with a high degree of user control and interaction. 1.15 Types of Decisions Taken 1.15.1 Unstructured Decisions This is the decision for which information provided by computer or men is not complete but is a small portion of the total knowledge required to make a decision. 1.15.2 Semi-structured Decisions The decision made under a condition in which the information about problem to be solved is not complete is called semi-structured decision. 1.16 OFFICE INFORMATION SYSTEM OF HABIB BANK The combination of new technologies as hardware, software, facsimiles e-mails and the people availing their services makes the office information system. 1.17 Components of Office Information System of Habib Bank There are 3 major components of Office Information System, Document Management System, Message Handling System, and Office Support System. 1.18 Document Management System of Habib Bank Document Management System of Habib Bank is partly manual and partly computerized. 1.19.1 Reprographic System In each branch of Habib Bank Reprographic machines are there for making copies of required documents. 1.19.2 Word Processing System At Habib Bank the office system technology which is used is word processing involving hard ware and soft ware tools which allows computer system to operate. 1.20 Message Handling System of Habib Bank It is one of major applications of Office Information System. At Habib Bank the message handling system is of following. 1.20.1 Facsimiles Fax machines are there to receive and send faxes in other branches of Habib Bank. 1.20.2 Electronic Mail Electronic mail is used to receive and send messages to other branches. 1.21 Office Support System Many applications collectively help in working of groups, which are known as Office Support System. 1.22 Office Support System of Habib Bank 1.22.1 Group Ware Habib Bank provides group ware in following ways. 1. Word processing services. 2. Using fax mails. 3. Availability to on- line Data. 1.23 WORKING OF MIS IN DIFFERENT DEPARTMENTS OF HABIB BANK LIMITED 1.23.1 DEPOSIT DEPARTMENT Activity of account opening and deposit department are the followings: a) Opening new accounts. b) Maintain of deposits of the account holders. c) Processing can stop payment instructions. d) To give fresh cheque books. e) To make amendments in the existing accounts. f) Closing the accounts of accounts holders (if required). Almost all the activities mentioned above are performed through computer. The computer maintains all records of each and every client. Vouchers have been prepared and send to the MIS department for daily transactions and making changes in customers accounts. 1.23.2 CASH DEALING DEPARTMENT The major functions of cash dealing departments are: a) Cash receipts. b) To cash cheques. All the regarding date, account number, tile of account, balance of account holder and the signature of customer have been verified through computer. 1.23.3 REMITTANCE DEPARTMENT The major functions performed by remittance department are: a) Pay order. b) Demand like drafts on need. c) Post transport. d) Telegraphic transfer. Fax and telephone are the major source of performing such activities. 1.23.4 IMPORT DEPARTMENT Three major functions performed by the import department: a) L/C opening. b) Lodgement of papers and documents. c) Retirement of papers and documents. Import department is considered to be one of the most important departments of the bank. It handles the import licensing and imports of merchandise. Imports can be separated into two categories: a) Industrial Imports. b) Commercial and industrial Imports. Export Promotion Bureau makes registration of imports, Document required for sole proprietor partnership concern and limited concerns are different. 1.23.5 EXPORT DEPARTMENT Export is a major source of earning foreign exchange. Every country wants to increase its exports because the foreign exchange earned through exports can help in meeting the other needs of the countries. The computer keeps the records of each and every dealing which has been made by the customer for import export purposes. The records concerning his past and present performance and balance of accounts helps to make further decisions whether to give him loan or not. 1.23.6 PERSONNEL DEPARTMENT Personal department uses computer for smooth functioning of work. The main functions performed by Personnel Department of Habib Bank are: a) Selection and recruitment. b) Training and growth. c) Job explanation and estimation. d) Periodic review e) Communication 1.23.7 MARKETING DEPARTMENT Consumer satisfaction is the first and for most priority for the bank. The marketing management makes policies for the better services of satisfaction of consumer. The process includes: a) Finding out consumer wants and needs through marketing research. b) Finding possibilities and then development of those wants and needs. c) Establishing meaningful relations with customers. d) Improving of product development for customers. It is also the function of the organization to keep in constant contact with the consumer, read their needs, developed the product that can fulfil their needs and build the aim that express organizational purpose. Bankers also try to locate their past customers for offering more facilities to them. The computer provides every past and present updated account of each customer. Chapter No. 2 LITERATURE REVIEW LITERATURE REVIEW 2.0 A System for obtaining Management Information â€Å"To get the better speedy management information, management may either use the services from a computer bureau, or they store their own computerized system.†(David Freestone). 2.1 Establishment of Management Information Systems â€Å"Technology is improving the speed and reliability with which information is passed not only around the individual organization but also around the globe, and `dramatic reductions in the cost of obtaining, processing and transmitting information are changing the way we do business.† (Porter and Millar, 1991). â€Å"Technology can assist those small firms that use these new technologies not only for data storage and transmission, but also to differentiate their products or to attack new market niches. The implementation should be handled by the team who will be able to handle key tropical areas.† (Nancy and Peter 2003). 2.2 Role of Management Information System â€Å"Basically a management information system is depending upon other independent systems which are working in a combination to provide proper management information and transformed information. By recognizing the data that what information managers required to manage the organization is a starting point for making a proper information system.† (Tony Hines, 1995). 2.3 DEVELOPMENT OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM AT SOUTH BANK POLYTECHNIC â€Å"The prospect of wholly independent status for South Bank Polytechnic in the late 1980s, responsible for its own finance, property and personnel, gave considerable motivation towards improving management structures and information systems. In the Peat Marwick McLintock analysis, the overall management information wants the Polytechnic recognized the interrelationship of five information sources: staff, students (enrolment and applications), resources (finance), space and curriculum. The Management Information System under development reflects this with an additional component called Performance Indicators, which is generated within the system.†(Perry P, Payne C, Geddes T (1991). 2.4 MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS (MIS) â€Å"According to Kenneth C. Laudon and Jane Price Laudon mentioned in their book Management Information Systems: A contemporary Perspective, an information system is a set of procedures that collects (or retrieves), processes, stores, and disseminates information to support decision making and control. In most cases, information systems are formal, computer-based systems that play an integral role in organizations. Although information systems are computer based, it is important to note that any old computer or software program is not necessarily an information system.† â€Å"Electronic computers and interrelated software programs are the technical foundation, the tools and materials, of modern information systems,† Laudon and Laudon wrote. Understanding information systems, though, requires one to understand the problems they are designed to solve, the architectural and design solutions, and the organizational processes that lead to these solutions. 2.5 Systems Development â€Å"The development of effective information systems holds a number of challenges for small businesses. Despite, or perhaps because of, the quick development of computer technology, there is nothing easy or mechanical about building workable information systems, Laudon and Laudon stated.† Building, operating, and maintaining information systems are challenging for a number of reasons. For example, some information cannot be captured and put into a system. Computers frequently cannot be programmed to take into account participant responses to marketing strategy or changes in economic conditions, among other things. Adding up, the worth of information erodes over time, and rapid changes in technology can make systems become outdated very quickly. In conclusion, many companies find systems development to be problematic because the services of skilled programmers are at a premium. The momentum to develop a new information system can grow up of end-user demands, the availability of new technology, or management strategy. A range of tools exists for analyzing a companys information requirements and designing systems to support them. The fundamental process of systems development involves defining the project, creating a model of the current system, deriving a model for the new system, measuring the costs and benefits of all alternatives, selecting the best option, designing the new system, completing the specific programming functions, installing and testing the new system, and completing a post-implementation audit. The organization must develop a technique for ensuring that the most important systems are attended to first, that unnecessary systems are not built, and that end users have a full and meaningful role in determining which new systems will be built and how, according to Laudon and Laudon. (Thomson Gale, 2002) 2.6 MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN PLANNING â€Å"A management information system for planning enables the corporation to have a central facility where large amounts of information can be gathered and stored. The information can be quickly retrieved and updated to help managers in making decisions. The management information system is capable of evaluating more alternatives than manual methods, can make superior and quicker decisions and provides timely and accurate information for decision making. Possibly if more companies are able to entirely put together the finance, marketing, production and human resources functions into an incorporated corporate simulation model, they will be better able to find out the effects that changes in internal or external phenomenon will have on their organization.† (Sethi NK, 1978) 2.7 DATA BASE ORGANIZATION INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN COMPLEX MANAGEMENT Management information systems, like programming languages (e.g., ALGOL 60), which were originally regarded as quite universal, ceased to satisfy their creators at a certain stage of development. The disillusionment was due to the increase in accumulated knowledge, skills, and experience, to advances in hardware and software, and to the ever-expanding range and diversity of the relevant tasks. Although the basic requirements and the underlying design principles were universally agreed upon since the early development of MIS, both theoreticians and practitioners were satisfied with partial realization of these requirements up to a point. At the present stage, however, no one can remain satisfied with the prevailing state of affairs, either organizationally or professionally. Just complex MIS incorporating all the fundamental properties of the relevant objects, with their applications and interactions can hope to be effective. The development of such MIS requires using the latest advances in science and technology and instituting crash programs for the solution of the complex problems that arise in the design process. 2.8 ESTABLISHING A MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM â€Å"Information is a critical resource in the operation and management of organizations. Well-timed availability of appropriate information is essential for efficient performance of managerial functions such as planning, organizing, leading, and control. An information system in an organization is like the nervous system in the human body, it is the connection that links all the organizations components together and provides for better operation and survival in a competitive environment. Indeed, todays organizations run on information.† (Babu AR, Singh YP, Sachdeva RK) 2.9 Basic Concepts 2.9.1 Data versus Information Data refers to raw, unevaluated facts, s, symbols, objects, events, etc. Data possibly will be a collection of facts lying in storage, like a telephone directory or sample records. The information is data that have been set into a meaningful and helpful background and communicated to a receiver who make use of it to make decisions. The information involves communication and reception of intelligence and knowledge. This appraises and notifies surprises and stimulates, reduces ambiguity, reveals additional alternatives or helps eliminate irrelevant or poor ones, and influences individuals and stimulates them to action. An element of data may constitute information in a specific context; for example, when we want to contact our friend, his or her telephone number is a piece of information; otherwise, it is just one element of data in the telephone directory. The computers have made it easier to process functions. Huge quantities of data can be processed rapidly through computers assisting in the conversion of data to information. Raw data go into the system and is changed into the output of the system. And this information supports managers in the decision- making. 2.9.2 Characteristics of Information The characteristics of good information are relevance, timeliness, accurateness, cost-effectiveness, dependability, usability, exhaustiveness, and aggregation level. Information is related if it leads to superior decision-making. It may be relevant if it reaffirms a previous decision. If it not then it is not relevant. The timeliness represents money of information accessible to the users. The currency of data and information is time hole between the occurrences of an occasion in the field until its presentation to the user (decision maker). Accurateness is considered by comparing data to genuine procedures. The value of correct data varies with the kind of decisions that need to make. Though, a general estimation of how much personnel time was dedicated to a particular activity may be all that needed. 2.9.3 Value of Information Information has a great impact on decision-making, and hence its value is closely tied to the decisions that result from its use. The information not has a complete common value. This value is linked to that use it, when it is used, and in what situation it is used. Information is like other commodities. For illustration, value of a glass of water is different for someone who has lost his way in arctic glaciers than it is to a wanderer in the Sahara desert. The information supports decisions, decisions activate actions, and events affect the achievement or performance of the company. If it measures the difference in performance, it can be traced the impact of information, provided that the measurements are carefully performed, the relationships among variables are well defined, and possible effects of irrelevant factors are isolated. The calculated difference in performance due to informational factors is called the realistic value or revealed value of information. â€Å"For most information systems, mainly those supporting middle and top management, the consequential decisions often relate to events that are not severely defined and involve probabilities that cannot be quantified. The decision-making process often is difficult to understand and the outcome are scaled by several and incomparable dimensions. In such cases, we may either attempt to perform a multi-attribute analysis or derive an overall subjective value. The subjective value reflects peoples comprehensive impression of information and the amount they are willing to pay for specific information.† (Ahituv N, Neumann S, Riley HN, 1994) 2.9.4 Information as an Aid to Decision Making â€Å"The process of decision making as comprising four steps: intelligence, design, choice, and review. The intelligence phase encompasses collection, classification, processing, and presentation of data relating to the organization and its environment.† Simon (1977). This is essential to recognize situations calling for decision. Throughout this decision stage, the decision maker outlines substitute solutions, each of which involves a set of actions to be taken. Statistical and other models to forecast possible outcomes for each alternative now use the data collected during the intelligence stage. Every alternative can also be examined for technological, behavioral, and economic feasibility. In the choice stage, the decision maker should select one of the alternatives that will best donate to the goals of the organization. Previous choices can be subjected to review during the implementation and monitoring to enable the manager to learn from mistakes. Information plays a vit al role in all four stages of the decision process. -I indicates the information requirement at each stage, along with the functions performed at each stage and the feedback loops between stages. 2.10 Conceptual Framework Research Question Theory Questionnaire questions Which are the factors that are affecting the proper working of management information system within the company? (M-MIS, (1995), Risks Associated With MIS. Do you think that employees are needed to be sufficiently trained for new systems and subsequent enhancements? Do you agree that the company is satisfied with the development of user manuals and testing of the system? How the management information system can help the managers to take accurate and efficient decisions? Simon (1977), Information as an Aid to Decision Making Does management has any policy to monitor the new MIS? Has your management developed and maintained a current MIS policy or practice? What is the role of management information system in the development and growth of the company? Tony Hines (1995), Role of Management Information System. Do you think MIS is an effective tool for the company? Does the internal planning process consider and incorporate the importance of MIS at both the strategic and tactical level? What are the recommendations to the company to get better use of management information system? Masood SH, Pires CG (2005) SH, Management information system for better team productivity. Does management encourage communication lines to link all MIS user effectively? Does management use a project management technique to monitor MIS development schedules? Does Company update MIS regularly? Chapter No. 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Chapter No. 4 DATA ANALYSIS 4.0 DATA ANALYSIS PROCEDURE 4.1 DATA ANALYSIS 1. Has your management developed and maintained a current MIS policy or practice? Frequency Percentage (%) Yes 45 34.6 No 85 65.4 Total 130 100 Result shows that out of 130 respondent 45(34.6%) said that their management has developed and maintained a current MIS policy or practice while 85(65.4%) said that their management has not developed and maintained a current MIS policy or practice. 2. Does MIS policy or practice provide guidance to company employees to achieve their purposes? Frequency Percentage (%) Yes 75 57.7 No 55 42.3 Total 130 100 Out of 130 respondents majority 75(57.7%) said that MIS policy or practice provide guidance to company employees to achieve their purposes and 55(42.3%) said that MIS policy or practice does not provide guidance to company employees to achieve their purposes. 3. Do you believe that MIS policy or practice provide enough guidance to achieve effective two-way communication between management and employees? Frequency Percentage (%) Yes 80 61.5 No 50 38.5 Total 130 100 80(61.5%) respondents said they believe that MIS policy or practice provide enough guidance to achieve effective two-way communication between management and employees while 50(38.5%) were not agreed with it. 4. Do you believe after implementation of MIS System Companys staffs performs well in initiating, developing and completing their jobs? Frequency Percentage (%) Yes 75 57.7 No 55 42.3 Total 130 100 Result shows that out of 130 respondents 75(57.7%) said that they believe after implementation of MIS system companys staff performs well in initiating, developing and completing their jobs while 55(42.3%) said no. 5. Do you think that MIS policy or practice provide enough guidelines for installing MIS enhancements in a controlled change environment? Frequency Percentage (%) Yes 95 73.1 No 35 26.9 Total 130 100 Result depicts that out of 130 respondents 95(73.1%) said that MIS policy or practice provide enough guidelines for installing MIS enhancements in a controlled change environment while 35(26.9%) respondents were not agreed with it. 6. Do you agree that MIS policy or practice is helpful in acquiring, merging, manipulating and up-loading data to other systems? Frequency Percentage (%) Yes 85 65.4 No 45 34.6 Total 130 100 Above table shows that out of 130 respondents 85(65.4%) said that MIS policy or practice is h

Importance of Biodiesel

IMPORTANCE OF BIODIESEL The world’s accessible oil reservoirs are gradually depleting due to a burgeoning demand of fossil fuels. Owing to the enormous dependency of transport vehicles running on gasoline engines, the development of bio-gasoline may well reduce the dependence of the fuel market on fossil fuels. Biofuel development has gained the attention of researchers in recent years owing to the rate of depletion of fossil fuels. Several processes are currently employed in the conventional production ofdifferent biofuels: the production of biodiesel is catalytically performed either through the transesterification of triglycerides using alcohol or the deoxygenative ecofining of triglycerides in a nonalcoholic environment; bio-oil is produced by the pyrolysis of biomass; bio-ethanol is produced by thefermentation of sugars obtained from starch or cellulosic based biomass, while bio-gasoline is producedfrom the catalytic cracking of triglycerides. The present work investigates the suitability of mesuaferrea (nahar) oil seed as a source of alternative fuel in CI engines. Non-edible straight vegetable oil obtained from mesuaferreaseeds was extracted using a solvent extraction technique. The catalytic cracking mesuaferrea seed oil to biofuel was studied in a microwave reactor with selected catalysts at . 500-600? C The thermo-physical and chemical properties of straight mesuaferrea oil were determined. The flash point, kinematic viscosity, and density of the straight mesuaferrea oil were found to be much higher than diesel, though the calorific value was found to be lower. The variation in thermo-physical and chemical properties of various blends of straight mesuaferrea oil and diesel were studied after fraction of biofuel products may be obtained at different temp. The present study also report on the use of nahar oil as a potential source of biodiesel that can be used as a partial substitute for fossil fuels.

Rosewood Movie Review

Rosewood A great story based on real example, which happened in small town of Florida. This movie was directed by John Singleton, and based from real incident, that took place in 1923 in Florida. It is a story about how middle class African-Americans were living and enjoying life, until an incident happens in town. A white female is accusing colored person in raping her. From this point main goal of three main characters is to save people from mob attack, and lynching of colored people.This is a great example that we can relate to what he have learned in the class. As we know the main problem of this story is that a white female who had sexual intercourse with her lover, provoked him and he got in a fight with her. Leaving marks on her body and a clear mark on her face, witness of this event were colored people who were working outside and heard everything that was going on. Women was accusing that African-American men raped and beat her. She went outside screaming, and making a trag edy, hiding the truth.This is a great example of what was happening in 19 century, where lynching escalated to a new whole level. According to Jessie Ames, lynching was happening 29% in the North and 71% in the South. And what is the worst that all this killing was happening because of the women that excuse what made in South. Even though that we are knowing according to Jessie Ames that 71% lynching in the South that was happening, this event was instigated against white male, not against female. That said that lynching were happening for no reason, and excuse for it was white women.This move have related and showed us that no one was protected at that time. Living in this small town in Florida, having colored people everyone in middle class, leaving peacefully a knowing everyone. It still didn't help to solve the problem. In the movie was one important scheme when sheriff of the town asked women, if she is sure that it was African-American person or not. It gives us a hint that sh eriff does not belief what she is saying. Knowing that she is capable of not telling truth.White people are getting mad and are crushing and killing African Americans, they re mad and are following each other, while sheriff was trying to make everything fair and find the one who is guilty. But everything collapsed and they started killing and hanging African Americans. The only person who tried to stop and save their lives was owner of the shop. He didn't believed that someone couldn't done this to her. And he was certainly sure that colored people couldn't do that. He tried to save them from their death.He and a new guy, who came in town, team up in order to save kids and women, which ended up being a successful plan. This movie is a great example of what and how was going during mob attacks and racist killings. It showed up that there was a fear of white people to have and realized that colored people are getting educated and are having a better life style. That they are gaining p ower little bit by little bit. And we could see how white people were scared when â€Å"Major† came in to town, and knowing that he is wealthy. This is a story how white folks were scared of colored people, and were doing everything they could

When Average People Experience Hard Times

When Average People Experience Hard Times Free Online Research Papers Winston Churchill once said, â€Å"A pessimist sees the difficulty in every opportunity; an optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty.† Now Churchill would enjoy the following three stories of average men going through tragic accidents and hard times. The three stories are: â€Å"Willing to Pay the Price†, â€Å"Yes, You Can†, and â€Å"The Cowboy’s Story†. These stories prove that people have come out on top in extraordinary circumstances. They faced the odds and never gave up hope. One man went through two tragic accidents which left him in a wheel chair and his body sixty-five percent burned. Another is a country man who moved to a city and became stuck in a dead end job. The final story is about a man who fights for his freedom. â€Å"Willing to Pay the Price† is a great story that anyone could learn from. Le Van Vu always found a way to prosper. He played important roles in whatever he was doing. He found a way to escape from prison. Le even killed five men to return home after being captured by the North. Le and his wife made it through all of their problems together. After all that has happened to him Le still never gave up. â€Å"Yes, You Can† is a good short story. The man was in a motorcycle accident which burned sixty-five percent of his body. Shortly after he was in a plane accident and was paralyzed from the waist down. After all of that, he still became a well respected citizen. He never let his disabilities put him down. Mitchell still lived his life to the fullest. It seemed nothing could hold him down. â€Å"The Cowboy’s Story† Is a compelling story. The cowboy changed his goals that he made. The cowboy made his biggest dreams into reality. He kept a positive attitude and went far in the business world. The cowboy ended up owning half of the company he worked for. The theme was inspiring. It shows that anyone can do what they set their mind to. These men lived their whole life finding opportunities in difficult times, just as Churchill said. Many people go through rough times, but try walking a mile in their shoes. These were stories of getting what was wanted; stories of not letting disabilities get the best of you. There are even stories of just not letting people put you down. These are all tales of people who overcome the odds and proved everyone wrong. They didn’t care what people thought, they just did what they believed. Everyone could learn a valuable lesson from these people. That lesson is do not let anything hold you back. Research Papers on When Average People Experience Hard TimesMind TravelThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationWhere Wild and West Meet19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraHip-Hop is ArtCapital PunishmentThe Hockey GameStandardized Testing

The news of the engagement by Arnold Bennett, and Tony Kytes the Arch Deceiver by Thomas Hardy Essay Example

The news of the engagement by Arnold Bennett, and Tony Kytes the Arch Deceiver by Thomas Hardy Essay Example The news of the engagement by Arnold Bennett, and Tony Kytes the Arch Deceiver by Thomas Hardy Paper The news of the engagement by Arnold Bennett, and Tony Kytes the Arch Deceiver by Thomas Hardy Paper Essay Topic: Literature Hardy was the first major writer to focus on the countryside but when he wrote his stories, times were changing and the Industrial revolution affected the countryside population. Bennetts writing forms a contrast to Hardy; his story is centred in the five towns (the pottery towns) around Stoke on Trent. His story reflects the change of the young man returning home from London and the big city life. Philip Durance is returning home at Christmas time from London. He has come with news of his engagement and he did not want to just write a letter to his mum because he did not know what to write. Philips relationship with his mum was quite close because he writes to her every week telling her of most of his doings. When Philip visited his mum she was more excited than usual. Philip finds it difficult to talk to his mum about Agnes his fiancà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½e and his engagement because his mum tells him first of her engagement. So Philip feels that he does not want to spoil his mothers news, because she is so happy and he does not want to take the spotlight away from her. Tony Kytes says things that are amusing they are; singing a song as if it was a hymn, he sweet talks the girls saying how could he refuse them a lift and saying he never noticed how pretty the girls are. The funniest thing that Tony does is get all the girls to hide in his wagon. It all started by Tony riding around town in his wagon when he is asked by the girls for a lift one at a time, and every time a new girl gets in the wagon the previous girl hides, so at one point he has got 3 girls in the wagon at once. All the 3 girls really like Tony and want to marry him, so they always suck up to him, although at the end all the girls went off him because he made them hide and they did this even though he was engaged. One of the girls even hears Tony say he loves another girl but she did nothing for some reason. At the end Unity one of the 3 girls rejects Tony straight after Hannah, probably to not seem desperate but secretly wanting him to ask her later on. So in the end Tony is left with the one girl he decided against. All in all the Arch deceiver is about a man who is split between which woman he wants to marry and just transports them all around town and in the end none of the women want him.

Push and pull factors in Syrian migration Assignment - 5

Push and pull factors in Syrian migration - Assignment Example Most people left the country when government forces intensified the bombardment of rebel-held areas (BBC). The civil war has displaced many people. Some of them have sought refuge in the neighboring countries such as Lebanon, Turkey, Egypt and Jordan. According to UNHCR, the number of registered Syrian refugees was 2,863,595 as at 9th July 9, 2014. There were a further 45,503 refugees awaiting registration. The UNHCR also estimates that 6.5 million refugees are internally displaced in the country (Unhcr.org). The largest exodus of Syrians has been from areas that have witnessed the worst conflict. In Deraa, the birthplace of the revolution, an estimated 355,485 (19%) people have fled their homes since the conflict started. In Homs, an estimated 344,198 (18%) people have left their homes. In Aleppo, it is estimated that 285,601 refugees have left for the neighboring countries. Most of the people migrating from Syria to other countries are women and children. According to UNHCR estimates, nearly half of those fleeing the conflict are children. Three-quarters of these Syrian children are under the age of 11. The Syrians displaced by the war remain as refugees in their new locations. About 130,000 of them are in Zaatari Refugee Camp in the Jordanian desert. Security remains a major challenge to the residents of the camp (Unhcr.org). One of the effects of the Syrian civil war is the creation of a humanitarian crisis. The fighting has displaced millions of people from their homes. As a result, access to basic commodities and health care has become a crisis. Civilians who are trapped in some areas of the country are unable to find food (Wsj.com). Some of them who are injured due to the fighting do not access medical care. In some cities such as Homs that have been under siege, civilians were forced to survive on anything, including eating grass.

International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 5

International Business - Essay Example Not all promises of financial market globalization have been fulfilled. Theoretically, one of the principal advantages of globalization is the enhancement of efficient international risk sharing, a theory tested by Kose, Prasad, and Terrones (2009). However, despite using different statistical tests, the study could only find evidence of a moderate level of international risk sharing, nowhere similar to the degree anticipated by the theory. Empirical proof points to the fact that only industrial countries improve their risk sharing outcomes in financial market globalization. Developing countries and emerging markets which, in the course of globalization, have lowered capital controls, despite witnessing large increases in cross-border capital flows, have hardly improved in risk-sharing, being instead exposed to contagion shocks and extreme volatility caused by the substantial inflow and outflow of portfolio funds. Another major concern is the financial contagion that wreaks periodic havoc on our capital markets. A phenomenon of emerging markets is the Sudden Stop, characterized by (1) sudden reversals of capital inflows and current account deficits; (2) collapses in output and private absorption; and (3) large relative price corrections in domestic good prices and asset prices. The occurrence of Sudden Stops highlights the peculiar risks assumed by capital from abroad, particularly developed markets, that get invested in an emerging market. This spawned a theory by Calvo (2002) dubbed the â€Å"globalization hazard†.

Foster Care for Children Speech or Presentation

Foster Care for Children - Speech or Presentation Example A5.Independent former foster youth between the ages 18 and 21 are eligible to receive certain medical benefits to which they are legally entitled and desperately need. Research has shown that independent former foster youth have acute health care needs. I strongly feel that given these health care needs, it is appropriate that under current law, these youth are eligible for Medi-Cal by virtue of their status as former foster youth. Despite their eligibility, however, these former foster youth are required to fill out Medi-Cal eligibility forms as a prerequisite to getting the health care services to which they are entitled. It does not make moral or fiscal sense for the state to spend scarce dollars and staff hours making these former foster youth fill out Medi-Cal paperwork since they cannot, by law, be refused eligibility. As a result of this current practice, these foster youth risk losing their medical care when they incorrectly fill out their forms, forms are sent to the wrong a ddresses, or where there are other paperwork delays. A6. According to the California Blue Ribbon Commission on Children in Foster Care, courts are responsible for the safety and well-being of children who have been removed from their homes as a result of abuse or neglect. In 2007, there were nearly 80,000 children in foster care, more than 75 percent of whom entered placement as a result of neglect. Half of the children entering foster care in California are age five or under. Domestic violence, substance abuse, and mental illness are factors that contribute to the removal of children from their homes. Q7. What is the cultural background of the majority of the children under foster care What percentage of the children in the State belongs to this category A.7. African-American children constitute seven percent of the state's child population but are more than 30 percent of the children in foster care. Native American children are 0.84 percent of the state's child population but represent 1.41 percent of the children in foster care. Youth who "age out" of foster care often leave the system ill-prepared to live as adults, and face a significantly increased risk of unemployment, homelessness, mental illness, and involvement with the criminal justice system. Q8. Why would the former foster children have special medical needs A 8. While the children are moved out of their own homes to avoid exposure to unpleasant conditions, there is

Traditional Values In Now Essay Example for Free

Traditional Values In Now Essay In the 1950’s, the family was portrayed as consisting of a father, a mother and their children who were most preferably boys. Rarely were there any girls in the shows that were brought on television. The men were supposed to work and earn money that would then be used to bring home what was needed in the house for the women to cook in other words the men were seen as bread-winners while the women were the bread makers. There was also a lot of racism and the difference between colored and white people was clear-cut-interracial. Marriages were unheard of and those people who did so were discriminated against and even suffered being labeled as outcasts in the society. There were also areas that were segregated specifically for the different races and they could not mix. One was not allowed to live in such areas unless they belonged to the specific race that was allowed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One was labeled a social misfit if found to be a gay or a lesbian. The society went out of its way to discourage such behaviors and practices. It was not so much as preventing the occurrence of such behavior but to hide it from the society. There were benefits provided to married people that were denied the unmarried because they wanted to ensure that they avoided having homosexuals in the society. Since it was a form of deviance there was a cure recommended for it and this was marriage and children. If this failed then one had to pretend that it was working (http://www-mcwilliam.com). Due to the huge number of young pregnant girls, there was a lot of adoption happening in the 1950’s. Women were beaten up by their husbands and also sexually mistreated and it was always depicted that it was their faults   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the current practice of non-traditional family values, one finds a lot of single parents and also gay and lesbian marriages in which they adopt to complete the family set-up recommended by the traditional family values. Most of the social problems that are to be found in the current society have been blamed on this breakdown of traditional family values. The presence of families headed by single mothers has been blamed for the increased rate of unemployment, juvenile crime, school dropout and poor health. (http://www.scu.edu). Most families that are led by single women are mostly black families just as was previously during the traditional family value days. They were usually separated from their husbands and it is still happening up to date.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Up to now, the women are still not seen as equals with men although there have been huge strides taken towards this opinion. Women are still discriminated against economically and also in terms of employment. Although there has been an increased awareness of the homosexual marriages, it is still frowned upon by society. This has led to the formation of various protest groups that intend to justify their way of life and demand to be respected regardless of their sexual orientation or gender. However, one finds that these people are still not free to express themselves, as they tend to face violent incidences when come across people who do not conform to the changes taking place.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In America, a huge percentage of black men render themselves unable to perform the traditional male roles in the family and hence become irrelevant. They are usually involved in drug abuse and various forms of violence and more often than not end up being imprisoned thus increasing the number of households headed by black women. The problems that the black community faces are blamed on their departure from the traditional family values but the more they are blamed the more remote their chances for returning to the traditional family values become. Nowadays, there is an increase in the number of single white mothers and there is increased concern over this new phenomenon yet when it was about black mothers not much was done to prevent its increase.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The traditional value of having a nuclear family that includes two parents and children is being exercised even in homosexual unions. They have gone so far as legalizing their unions through marriages and in the recent years they are even wedding in church. Due to the various advances made in the scientific field, these couples can end up having their own children and if this is not desirable or possible for them, they adopt a child from the welfare system (http://bad.eserver.org). In trying to show that homosexuals are not really normal, they are depicted even by the media as people with awkward traits like men who have feminine traits and women who strive to look and behave like men.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although society is accepting some of the changes taking place in the society, some parts of the society are still very much attached to the values that were to be found in the society are very much attached to the values that were to be found in the traditional families. These are usually those who benefited from the practice of such values. These people include mostly white, married heterosexual men. They are the people who fight most for the reintroduction and reinforcement of the traditional families values. In the traditional family values, men and especially white men were treated differently from other people and also treated other people differently. The traditional values were racist and sexist and favoured the white men who looked down on the white women and other races as being inferior to them (Leed D. H. Schaninger C. M. pg 3-6)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There has been an increase in the number of interracial marriages and they are becoming accepted although some are still staunchly against them. This has affected the family structure in that there is now the introduction of children who are not purely of one race. This then makes them unable to be able to look down on any race, as they do not belong to any specific race. Among these group of people racism is very minimal if any and this is a huge improvement in regards to social cohesion. It has led to the melting pot theory in the United States. The adoptive strategy that was practiced in the traditional family when a girl got pregnant out of wedlock has reduced, as more women prefer to become single parents instead of giving their children up for adoption.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   By empowering women financially, it has liberated them to be able to make choices on how to lead their lives. Previously women were supposed to listen to their husband’s wishes and do their best to help them achieve their dreams. This has changed to enabling women to achieve their dreams and to succeed where men had dominated before. It has allowed them to make decisions to live their lives even in the absence of a man in their lives. By incorporating some traditional values in the non-traditional families there is a sense of stability introduced in the society and also liberation of people like marriages. When some disruptive values like racism are abandoned it leads to increased harmony in the society and the issue is striking the right balance between the two ways of life.                      Reference: Barlow A. Probert R. 2004 Regulating Marriage and Cohabitations: Changing Family Values and Policies in Europe and North America- An Introductory Critique Law Policy pg 1-11. Lee D.H. Schaninger C.M 2002 Altitudinal and Consumption Differences Among Traditional and Non-traditional Childless Couple Households Henry Stewart Publications New York USA Mc William peter 1996 Ain’t Nobody’s Business If You Do Traditional Family Values Retrieved on 17th October 2007 from http://mcwilliams.com/books/aint/404.htm Perry T.L 2007 Family Values, Race, Feminism and Public Policy Retrieved on 17th October 2007 from http://www.scu.edu/ethics/publications/other/lawreview/familyvalues.html Sandell J. March 1994 issue 12 The Cultural Necessity of Queer Families To a Certain Extent 1993 really was the year of the queer. http://bad.eserver.org/issues/1994/12/sandell.htm