Math Exercises Problem Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Activities - Math Problem Example 1 A firm fabricates and sells q units of an item at cost =  £(575 † ½ q) which has unit expenses of  £(q2 †25q) and fixed expenses of  £45,000. (a) Write down articulations for: income, benefit and normal expense as far as output(q) of the firm. [1 mark] Income = (575 † ½ q ) q = 575q † ½ q2 Benefit = Revenue †Total Cost = 575q † ½ q2 - [(q2 †25q )q +45,000] = 575q † ½ q2 †q3 + 25q2 - 45,000 = †q3 + 24.5q2 + 575q - 45,000 Normal Cost = Total Cost/q = q2 †25q + 45,000/q (b) Find articulations for: minimal income, peripheral cost, minor benefit and peripheral normal expenses regarding yield (q). [2 marks] Minor Revenue, Marginal Cost, Marginal Profit and Marginal Average Costs is the subordinate of Revenue, Cost, Profit, Average Costs . Since the subordinate of f(x) = xn is nxn-1, we have: Minor Revenue = 575 †q Minor Cost = 3q2 - 50q Minor Profit = - 3q2 + 49q +575 Minor Average Cost = 2q †25 - 45,000/q2 (since 1/q = q-1) (c) Find the yield levels of the firm that and affirm that the yield levels found do without a doubt boost or limit these functions [ 1 mark] (i) Maximise income †¢ This is the diagram of Revenue = 575q † ½ q2 , we can see that it is boosted at q = 575. (ii) Minimise costs To limit costs, set minor expenses to 0 q = 50/3 or approx 17 units This is the diagram of Costs = q3 - 25q2 + 45,000. We can see that the limit esteem is roughly at q =17. (iii) Maximize benefits To expand benefits, set negligible benefits to 0 - 3q2 + 49q +575 = 0 Utilizing the quadratic recipe, we have: q = 23.23 , - 7.89 Ignoring the negative worth, we have: q = 23 units. This is the chart of Profit = - q3 + 24.5q2 + 575q - 45,000. We can see that the most extreme worth is around at q=23. (iv) Minimize normal expenses To limit normal costs, set minimal normal expenses to 0: 2q - 25 - 45,000/q2 = 0 (multiply the two sides by q2) 2q3 - 25q2 - 45,000 = 0 With the utilization of experimentation, we get the main conceivable incentive as: q = 33 units. This is the chart of Average Cost = q2 - 25q + 45,000/q. We can see that the most extreme worth is around at q=33. 2. The interest work for an item is given by the accompanying articulation: q = 25 + 200 (p - 2) (a) Calculate the interest at costs 3 and 7 [1/2 imprint ] For p = 3: q = 25 + 200 (3 - 2) q = 25 + 200 q = 225 For p = 7: q = 25 + 200 (7 - 2) q = 25 + 40 q = 65 Answer in (Q,P) structure: (225,3), (65,7) (b) Calculate the ARC versatility of interest as for cost between the costs given to some extent (an) and remark on whether request is versatile or inelastic between these prices. [1/2 mark] Earc = (Q2-Q1)/[(Q2+Q1)/2] (P2-P1)/[(P2+P1)/2] Earc = (65-225)/[(65+225)/2] (7-3)/[(7+3)/2] Earc = - 160/145 4/5 Earc = - 40 = - 1.38 29 Since a versatile great is the place value flexibility of interest is more prominent than one, we can consider that the interest is versatile between these costs. (c) Find an articulation for POINT flexibility of interest with deference to cost as far as price. [ 1 mark] Ept = (q/p) * p/q The subsidiary of q = 25 +200/(p-2) is q/p = 0 + - 1 (200) (p-2)- 2 What's more, q = 25 +200/(p-2) Thus: Ept = [-200p/(p-2)2]/[25 +200/(p-2)] (d) Calculate POINT flexibility of interest at costs 3 and 7 and remark on their qualities and on the connection between Curve and POINT elasticity [1/2 mark] Ept = [-200p/(p-2)2]/[25 +200/(p-2)] Ept (3) = (- 600/1)/225 = - 2.67 Ept (7) = - 56/65 = - 0.862 The estimation of curve versatility is in the middle of the estimation of point flexibility which is normal

The American Civil War essays

The American Civil War papers The American Civil War was a military clash between the United States of America (the Union), and 11 secessionist Southern states, composed as the Confederate States of America (the Confederacy). It was the climax of four many years of extreme sectional clash and it reflected profound situated financial, social, and political contrasts between the North and the South. One of the significant reasons for the Civil War was the apparently interminable political disagreements regarding servitude in the Mexican Cession and Louisiana Purchase domains. It was basic that the Democratic and Whig political pioneers keep up congruity between their Southern and Northern supporters, along these lines, the foundation of both during presidential decisions like that of 1848 attempted to maintain a strategic distance from that specific subjugation question. Notwithstanding, the augmentation of subjection into the new regions was perhaps the biggest issue of the time, and with developing resistance fro m the North, avoidance of it turned out to be progressively troublesome. Another critical reason for the war was the development of various reactions to abolitionist practices, for example, the Underground Railroad and responses to out of control slaves and the Fugitive Slave laws that prodded from all segments of the nation. At last, there was the monetary misery factor, of both outside and local roots, that included everything from duties to the money related accident of 1857. These thusly caused sectional disagreements about the utilization of the governments open terrains. In mid 1848, when gold was found in California, a swarm of swashbucklers filled the valleys. Free-soilers and slaveryites contended over the proposed issue of servitude in the domains, and in this way, regardless of whether the landscape itself was appropriate for a slave economy. In Congress on August 8, 1846, Pennsylvania Representative David Wilmot moved a revision: that, as an express and major state of the obtaining of any domain f... <! The American Civil War articles The American common war was unavoidable Common War: In U.S. history, the contention (186165) between the Northern expresses (the Union) and the Southern states that withdrew from the Union and framed the Confederacy. It is commonly referred to in the South as the War between the States and is likewise called the War of the Rebellion (the official Union assignment), the War of Secession, and the War for Southern Independence. It has been portrayed, in the expressions of William H. Seward, as the unstoppable clash. In another judgment the Civil War was seen as criminally moronic, a superfluous phlebotomy welcomed on by self-important fanatics and botching lawmakers. The two perspectives acknowledge the way that in 1861 there existed a circumstance that, appropriately or wrongly, had gotten to the heart of the matter that couldn't have been explained by peacfull implies. The American common war was unavoidable for some reasons. There were significant contradictions about different subjects and one of the greatest clash causes was subjugation. The issues began in January 1861 when Abraham Lincoln was chosen president. He was known to question subjection thus South Carolina who endorsed of the utilization of slaves, took steps to expel the state out of the United conditions of America. South Carolina pulled out and after it followed 10 additional states, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina. These states turned into the confederates. In spite of the fact that moves were made just when president Lincoln was chosen president, the war was likewise unavoidable as a result of the enormous measure of individuals who restricted subjugation. These individuals wouldnt have recently watched nearby as the utilization of slaves proceeded thus the appointment of Abraham Lincoln was only a push nearer to the common war. In February The south(they endorsed of subjugation) shaped their own legislature and they made an archive called The Confederate Constitution. It was a lot of like the... <!

Essay Writing - The Disadvantaged Applicant and Other Essay Samples

Essay Writing - The Disadvantaged Applicant and Other Essay SamplesWhen you are seeking to write a medical school essay, a good essay writing guide can prove helpful. A good guide will provide you with all the information you need to make your writing as clear and precise as possible.In order to prepare for writing a medical school essay, it is important to get an idea of what sort of essay your target school requires. Here is a list of different kinds of essays that medical schools may require:Medical Students in Various Disadvantages: The majority of medical schools are extremely progressive and liberal, allowing students from all kinds of backgrounds to excel in the medical field. In order to write a successful essay, a medical student will need to be willing to view oneself in the perspective of a student from a disadvantaged background.According to one college professor, when writing a handicap medical student's essay, make sure to avoid appearing too clinical. Achieving an auth entic viewpoint will likely be difficult if one does not really 'feel' the situation. One should keep in mind that in order to find success with this kind of essay, one will need to be able to convey emotions, and not sound like an attorney from a court room.Those In Need of Assistance: The majority of schools require essays on the lives of individuals who are currently struggling with addiction or alcohol addiction. If you are a recovering addict yourself, you will need to be aware of the basics of medical writing to fully engage in this kind of essay. Here are some ideas that can help you.Use personal experiences or anecdotes that show the importance of personal accountability. Think about what you can write about that makes a dramatic contrast between your life and that of someone who has recently been through a serious drug or alcohol addiction.Medical Students in Different Disadvantages: Essays on the lives of those who are not generally accepted by society, are often less form al than essay samples on people from a variety of different backgrounds. Because these individuals do not fit in socially, they struggle with varying levels of personal acceptance. Instead of writing a traditional essay, students will need to focus on documenting their struggles with mental illness, or possibly using a blog as a way to talk about their experiences.The above are just a few examples of essay samples on people who are not normally accepted by society. There are many others, including the disadvantaged applicant. Make sure that you understand how to utilize the different parts of the essay in order to create a strong conclusion and educational material for your audience.

Future of the Juvenile Justice System Proposal - 2603 Words

Future of the Juvenile Justice System Proposal Gina Tompkins, Marcus Hall, Terri Washington, Victor Jones CJA 374 November 24, 2013 Bruce Clingan Future of the Juvenile Justice System Proposal The juvenile justice system is designed to correct and change the behavior of juvenile offenders. Change in behavior is an indication the system is working. If there is no change, the system is deemed ineffective and a team of juvenile justice consultants are called in to make corrections. In reality, this team is composed of four state officials whose sole purpose is to develop a proposal to present to the state legislature for recommendations of adjustments to the juvenile justice system. This team of consultants is creating these†¦show more content†¦Law Enforcement Law enforcement plays a large role in the juvenile justice system. If there was not any law enforcement, crime would be at a higher rate, and there would be no enforcing of the laws. Law enforcement is a key component to maintaining law, order, and control within the system. To improve on crime prevention strategies in regard to law enforcement, education would have to begin in the school system (Snyder amp; Sickmund, 2006). Through monies and property seized from drug deals, law enforcement officers can educate students about the realities of crime and things that will prevent juvenile delinquency. Seminars can be established in the beginning of the school year when more students are in attendance to get the message. Officers should connect with communities in hopes of getting through to these juveniles as role models by speaking at school events, community events, and simply talking to troubled juveniles about changing their lives. Funding from the seized drug money and property c an help further educate, train, and create positive programs for juveniles. 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The first exampleRead MoreEssay on juvenile violence903 Words   |  4 Pages Juveniles Tried As Adults 1 Juveniles Tried As Adults 2 Trying juvenile criminals as adults is unfair. Juvenile offenders are not as cognitively developed or mature as adults and, therefore, should not be held accountable for their crimes in the same way adults are. Many tough-on-crime advocates call for certain juvenile crimes to be automatically heard in adult criminal courts with convicted criminals subject to sentencing under adult standards. Such proposals focus on theRead MoreEssay about Proposal to Cut Down Juvenile Crime2359 Words   |  10 PagesThe problem of juvenile violence has become one of the most overwhelming problems of our time for Texas and for the United States. The problem is spread throughout the United States. The serious crimes are usually thought to be problems of the urban city, but this is no longer a problem just for the inner city. The problem has spread through the suburban areas of the city in cases just like the first example. Citizens are spending tons of money trying to fight the problem on their own. They purchaseRead MoreThe Recidivism Area On Juvenile Delinquency1670 Words   |  7 Pagesways such as a rehabilitation treatment to deal with juvenile delinquency and investigate how it affects recidivism rate s. The primary attention for this research proposal purpose is to rely only on juvenile delinquency data as the necessary specific information is not available for the adult population. Certainly, limitations exist as data is not collected by the author of this research proposal. However, due to limited resources this proposal utilizes quantitative methods based on secondary dataRead MoreRestorative Justice Policy Proposal for Juvenile Justice System2875 Words   |  12 Pagesas other juvenile professionals are advocating for a juvenile justice system which is greatly based on restorative justice. These groups of people have been frustrated by the policy uncertainty between retribution and treatment as well as unrealistic and unclear public expectations. As a primary mission, the balanced approach or policy allows juvenile justice systems together with its agencies to improve in their capacity of protecting the community and ensuring accountability of the system and theRead MoreEss ay about Gun Control Problems and Solutions968 Words   |  4 Pagescourse of action is to establish a national system for registering guns and ammunition. Anyone can obtain a gun by going to a state with less restrictive laws or by getting a friend who lives in the state to buy the guns for them. A national system would prevent this by scaring those friends into not buying the guns legally and selling them illegally, for if the guns are used in an illegal crime, that person can be held accountable. Secondly, a national system would be more helpful in tracking crimesRead MoreThe Incarceration Rate Of The United States1370 Words   |  6 PagesAlternatives to Mass Incarceration Once upon a time, Americans could proudly say that America was the land of freedom and opportunity. As the Pledge of Allegiance states, â€Å"One nation under God, Indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.† However, under the current criminal justice system, more and more people lose their liberties because of the crimes they have committed. According to Roy Walmsley, a consultant of the United Nations and Associate of the International Center for prison studies, â€Å"In October

Analysis Of Financial Reporting And Financial Statement Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 12 Words: 3560 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? JP Morgan Chase Co (NYSE: JPM) is one the biggest financial institutions in the United States and is one of the respected in the whole world. JP Morgan Chase Co stand today for over 200 year back history and heres JP Morgan Chase stand today: Leading world financial services institution with assets of $2.1 trillion. Active operating in more than 60 countries. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Analysis Of Financial Reporting And Financial Statement Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Built of more than 200,000 employees. Serves millions of consumers, small businesses  and many of the worlds most prominent corporate, institutional and government clients. A leader in investment banking, financial services for consumers, small business and commercial banking, financial transaction processing, asset management and private equity Its stock is a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average Activities of JPMorgan Chase Co are organized, for management reporting purposes, into six business segments, as well as Corporate/Private Equity. The Firms wholesale businesses comprise the Investment Bank, Commercial Banking, Treasury Securities Services and Asset Management segments. The Firms consumer businesses comprise the Retail Financial Services and Card Services segments. A description of the Firms business segments and the products and services they provide to their respective client bases is provided in the Business segment results section of M anagements discussion and analysis of financial.  [1] Competition JPMorgan Chase and its subsidiaries and affiliates operate in a highly competitive environment. Competitors include other banks, brokerage firms, investment banking companies, merchant banks, hedge funds, insurance companies, mutual fund companies, credit card companies, mortgage banking companies, trust companies, securities processing companies, automobile financing companies, leasing companies, e-commerce and other Internet-based companies, and a variety of other financial services and advisory companies. JPMorgan Chases businesses generally compete on the basis of the quality and range of their products and services, transaction execution, innovation and price. Competition also varies based on the types of clients, customers, industries and geographies served. With respect to some of its geographies and products, JPMorgan Chase competes globally; with respect to others, the Firm competes on a regional basis. The Firms ability to compete also depends on its ability to attract and retain its professional and other personnel, and on its reputation. The financial services industry has experienced consolidation and convergence in recent years, as financial institutions involved in a broad range of financial products and services have merged and, in some cases, failed. This convergence trend is expected to continue. Consolidation could result in competitors of JPMorgan Chase gaining greater capital and other resources, such as a broader range of products and services and geographic diversity. It is likely that competition will become even more intense as the Firms businesses continue to compete with other financial institutions that are or may become larger or better capitalized, or that may have a stronger local presence in certain geographies.  [2] Competitors JP Morgan Chase Co for last annual year has increased its market capitalization, companys size and riskiness, by 147.77b compared with other investment banking instructions like Bank of America Corporation 113.16b and City Group, Inc 119,40b. The Employees number in JP Morgan Chase Co is 236,810, which is less then Bank of America Corporation by 41,190 and less then City Group, Inc by 21,190, which may imply to that JP Morgan Chase Cos employees is much more profitable and managerial behaviors might be more unite and consistent achievable on organizing staff operation. Quarterly revenue growth is 11,20%, the lowest compared to other competitors and industry. The highest is 48.70% quarterly growth of Bank of America Corporation. Total revenue of JP Morgan Chase Co is 90.08b. Its really impressive, it reaches nine times more then industry, and its almost 20b and 40b respectively more then Bank of Americas and City Group, Incs total revenue. It seems, they gain more on inves tment security sales, interests on loans, on credit card rates, trading assets and etc. Net income of JP Morgan Chase Co is 14,30b, and compared with Bank of America Corporation it is 21.48b more, with City Group, Inc it is 9.05b more. Within the industry Barclays PLC has gained in net income 5.25b, and gives fist place to JP Morgan Chase Co stepping down on second place. Barclays PLC stands first with earnings per share 5.22 leaving JP Morgan Chase Co for second high 3.59. Bank of America Corporation and City Groups, Incs EPS (earnings per share) is considerably really low, almost by -21% and 1.3% of JP Morgan Chase Cos earnings per share and they might releasing more shares, which increases the number of total shares further diluting the net earnings. JP Morgan Chase Co is might be more efficient at using its capital to generate income. The consumer businesses include: Branch, ATM, Telephone and online banking, Small businesses Credit Cards, Home finance and home equity loans, Auto Finance, Education Finance, Retirement and Investing, Retail checking . The commercial banking businesses include: Middle Market, Mid corporate, Commercial real estate, Business credit, Equipment Finance, Commercial Term leading, Community development J.P. Morgan clients include the worlds most prominent corporations, governments, wealthy individuals and institutional investors. These businesses use the  J.P. Morgan brand: Investment Bank, Asset management, Treasury services, Worldwide security services, Private banking, Private Client services, online equity partners. Recent developments in JP Morgan Chase Co are: Commits $10 billion  in lending to support small businesses. Raises more than $150 billion since 2009  for state and local governments, hospitals and educational facilities. Offers more than  900,000 mortgage modifications  for struggling homeowners. Provides financing  for affordable housing and community development projects. Direct competitor comparison: Letter to Shareholders The past two years have been among the most extraordinary and challenging in recent history for JPMorgan Chase, the financial services industry and the global economy. JPMorgan Chase has endured a once-in-a-generation economic, political and social storm, the impact of which will continue to be felt for years or even decades to come. As we see signs of recovery and the debates about financial reform wage on, its easy for us to forget the fear and panic we felt a year ago. The market was down an astonishing 50% from its 2008 highs to its low on March 9, 2009. For JPMorgan Chase, these past two years have been part of a challenging, yet defining, decade. JPMorgan Chase began it as three separate companies: Bank One, Chase and J.P. Morgan, with each facing serious strategic and competitive challenges. Today, their strategic position is clear, and JPMorgan Chase is a leader in all of its businesses. If you had been a Bank One shareholder from 2000 to year-end 2009 (this repres ents approximately 40% of the current company) and you held on to your stock, you would have received a total return on your investment of 131%. Over the same time period, if you were a Chase or J.P. Morgan shareholder, your returns would have been 12% and 70%, respectively. By comparison, the Standard Poors 500 Index was down 9% over the same period. Throughout this decade, we made and executed on many transformative decisions. When the global financial crisis unfolded in 2008, the people of JPMorgan Chase understood the vital role their firm needed to play and felt a deep responsibility to their many stakeholders. It is this sense of responsibility that enables us to move beyond the distractions of the moment and stay focused on what really matters: taking care of their clients, helping the communities in which they operate and protecting their company. It is because of this focus even amid the daunting and ongoing challenges that JPMorgan Chase is able to weather this ec onomic crisis and continue to play a central, if sometimes misunderstood, role in rebuilding the U.S. economy. This is a testimony to the collective strength of character and commitment of their people. On March 16, 2008, JPMorgan Chase announced its acquisition of Bear Stearns at the request of the U.S. government; on September 25, 2008, 10 days after the collapse of Lehman Brothers, JPMorgan Chase bought Washington Mutual. JPMorgan Chase loaned $70 billion in the global interbank market when it was needed the most. With markets in complete turmoil, JPMorgan Chase was the only bank willing to commit to lend $4 billion to the state of California, $2 billion to the state of New Jersey and $1 billion to the state of Illinois. Additionally and, frequently, when no one else would JPMorgan Chase loaned or raised for their clients $1.3 trillion, providing more than $100 billion to local governments, municipalities, schools, hospitals and not-for-profits over the course of 2009. Overall results performance improved from 2008 but still was not great. JPMorgan Chase revenue this year was a record $100 billion, up from $67 billion in 2008. The large increase in revenue was due primarily to the inclusion for the full year of Washington Mutual (WaMu) and the dramatic turnaround in revenue in JPMorgan Chases Investment Bank. Profits were $12 billion, up from $6 billion in the prior year but down from $15 billion in the year before that. While these results represent a large improvement over 2008, they still are an inadequate return on capital a return on tangible equity of only 10%. Relative to the competition of JPMorgan Chase, the company fared extremely well. JPMorgan Chase did not suffer a loss in any single quarter over the two-year crisis (we may have been one of the few major global financial firms to achieve this). In absolute financial terms, however, our results were mediocre.  [3] Recent news: JP Morgan Chase crosses pivot point support at $39.65 as of Nov 16, 2010. Smart Trend has detected shares of JP Morgan Chase have bearishly opened below the pivot of $40.14 today and have reached first level of support $39.65. In the past 52 weeks, shares of JP Morgan Chase have traded between a low of $35.16 and high of $48.20 and are now at $39.23, which is 12% above the low price.  [4] JP Morgan Chase says European stocks may overhoot in 2011; RBS sees 20% gains. JPMorgan Chase Co. advised investors to buy European equities for the coming 6 to 12 months, while Royal Bank of Scotland Group Plc forecast stocks may rise potentially very strongly in 2011. We are very bullish on equities on a rolling 6-12 months horizon, with the potential for a 99 type of extreme upward move not to be dismissed, JPMorgan strategists Mislav Matejka and Emmanuel Cau wrote in a report today, adding that returns on a 5- to 10-year period will be poor. RBS strategists Ian Richards and Graham Bishop in London forecast gains of 20 percent for European stocks. Rarely has the valuation of the equity market appeared so anomalous in the context of other asset classes, Richards and Bishop wrote. But another dose of liquidity, normalising inflation expectations, and a corporate sector that is at last showing signs of using the exceptionally low cost of debt to drive shareholder return, all bode well for an aggressive valuation re-appraisal.  [5] The benchmark St oxx Europe 600 Index has climbed 17 percent since May as the U.S. Federal Reserve boosted its asset- purchases plan to stimulate growth, offsetting concern that Greece and Ireland may struggle to reduce their budget deficits. The index is still trading at 12 times its companies estimated earnings, down from a ratio of almost 16 at the end of 2009.  [6] Stock Market Research As of last trade of 22nd Nov, 2010, the market value per share of JP Morgan Chase Co was $ 38.51. Price range in the latest trading day, the lowest was $ 38.21 and the highest was $ 39.02. Price range in the last 52 weeks, the lowest was $ 35.16 and the highest was $ 48.20. The volume (the number of shares) traded on the last trading day was 54,216.00 and average volume over 30 days is 44.71M. Market capitalization (the total value of the company in a stock market), which is calculated by multiplying total shares outstanding by the current price per share is 148.63B. Price to earnings ratio (the ratio of the stock price to the sum of its reported earnings) is 10.60. Latest dividend (divined per share paid to shareholders) is $ 0.05 and dividend yield (value of the latest dividend, multiplied by number of times dividends are typically paid per year, divided by stock price) is $ 0.53. Net income per share according to the most recently quarterly report is $ 3.59. The measure of a fu nds or stocks risk in relation to the market or to alternative benchmark Beta is 1.12 .  [7] Analysing market activity over the most recent 10 years, the market value per share of JP Morgan Chase Co fall the lowest price on 6th March, 2009 by $ 15.97 and the highest was on 24th March, 2000 by $ 64.15. From 2000 to October, 2002, the companysstock price stable was falling down and afterwards to April, 2007 it was stable growing as the financial position of company has increasingly changed. Annual dividends issued on 2000 was $1.06 , has gone stable from 2003 to 2007 $1.36, reached highest on 2008 by $1.52 and as of 2010 reached the lowest by $0.20. In past 10years the companys stable grow was on 2006, total assets increased by 12.72%, return on common equity increased by 4% and book value per share increased by 8.92% as it from previous year, where the net income reached almost the second highest by $ 14,444. The highest income was $ 15,365 during the year of 2007, as the total assets increased by 15% from previous year but the provision for credit losses had almost doubled up as from 2006. From April, 2009 the company has started to get back to its stable financial position in a stock market. 8 Computing ratios and comparing to industry norms. Operating liquidity available for business, net working capital, of JP Morgan Chase Co through the three years from 2007 to 2009 are negative, which derives from less current asset then current liability respectively through this years, and constantly growing on negative making working capital deficit. As of negative working capital in the company through this years, it is currently unable to meet its short term liabilities with its current assets. The current ratio of the company has fall from 0.71 (2007) to 0.25 (2009) which indicates of its not favorable. Usually its suggests that if the companys current ratio is less then 1, it would not be able to pay off its obligations, and it doesnt really mean that it may derive to bankruptcy, only showing that the company is not in a good financial health. The same situation with the companys quick ratio, as it represents the companys short term liquidity , through the years from 2007 to 2009, it is falling indicating the companys pos ition poor. The cash flow liquidity ratio of JP Morgan Chase Co is 0.78 , 0.38 , 0.52 from 2009 to 2007 respectively, indicating whether or not the company has enough money from its current operations to pay off its current liabilities, and if it is less then 1, it indicates of the companys non-solid financial health. But its slightly raised more then, double times from 2008 to 2009, which showing improvement in current operation. The debt ratio of the company is decreasing leaving it positive sign, as it showing the company is paying off its short term debt or possibly refinancing its short term debt to long term debt. The proportion of debt and equity the company using to finance its assets was low on 2009, by 2.38 and the highest was on 2007, by 2.82 . To find out if the company goes in real financial trouble if it cannot pay an interest on its debt, we may check through its times-interest-earned. On 2007 the companys time-interest-earned was 0.864, which was most likely t o pay on its interest on debt rather then, two following years. On 2009, free cash flow of the company reaches $121,897,000, and represents cash the company is able to generate after laying out money required to maintain or expand its asset base. The company is quickly turning its accounts receivables into cash with successfully executing its credit policies on 2007 when its accounts receivables reached 2.875 but the company missed up its potential sales with strict credit policies on 2008 when its accounts receivable turnover reached 1.103 low. The company has been less effective in the use of investment made in the company from 2007 to 2008, as its asset turnover falls from 2.875 to 1.103, then from 2008 to 2009 the company slightly has started to be more effective on a use of investment. The accounts payable was falling from 2007 to 2008 which explains that the company paid off to supplier longer then it used to be and from 2008 to 2009 the accounts payable was raising indi cating the company paid supplier as a faster rate. The company received more profit of its sales on 2007, when it was 21.52% and as well as $4.38 on earnings per share and 1.05% on return on assets. Overall the companys profitability is better than the last years results. JP Morgan Chase Cos share price compared to its earnings per share, price-earnings ratio, as of 2010 is 9.5 and it is decline on 59% from 2008, and increase on 20% from 2007 to 2008. Price-earnings ratio does not really useful for investors. It is good if, its compared with the same industrys P/E to make any actual decision, because different Industry Companys growth prospects are much different. Dividend yield and dividend rate change more often because of dividend, market share value and earnings per share are regularly changeable. Dividend yield measures how much of return will one share of stock bring. Dividend yield and dividend rate declined on about 5% from 2008 to 2009 and the same decline was from 2 007 to 2008, 61% on dividend yield and 20% on dividend rate. To recognize the level of safety of each share after all debts paid, JP Morgan Chase Cos book value accordingly increased on 10% from 2008 to 2009, and almost remained unchangeable from 2007 to 2008. In case of if company liquidate, the amount of book value, a holder of common share would get, more high the book value less risk it may occur to an shareholder. Report of analysis, on each financial statements. The assets of JP Morgan Chase during 2006 and 2007 has increasingly changed as the total asset increased from 2006 to 2007 by 15%, respectively other assets fall by 11% , but the role of quick liquid cash, current assets, increased by 76% but the property plan and equipment had remained almost unchanged just playing small role of 6%. The highest total assets increasing happened through 2007 to 2008 by 39% where in opposite current asset fall by 50% and other assets increased by 120% and PPE increased only by 7%. And at the same year liabilities increased on long term liabilities by 76%, capital by 55% and current liability and treasury stock respectively increased by 32% and 35%. The companys liquidity plays really important role to the companys financial position. In the recent year, the companys total assets, current asset and other asset have fallen respectively decreased by 6%, 4% and 7% , and only PPE has been increased by 10% where didnt really played a big role. Property plan and equipment plays really small role as we could see on vertical trend, it has only 0.5 % power over whole asset in total. And through these three years current asset decreased by 30%, so accordingly the companys cash and cash equivalent, prepaid expenses, marketable securities, accounts receivables and other easy converted to cash assets have decreased. But in other hand other assets of company had been increased by 30%, where loans, long term assets and intangibles had been respectively increased. Treasury stock has been fallen up to the 70% and capital by 13% on the recent year of 2009. Overall analysis tells us about that the JP Morgan Chase Co had a good grow during 2006 to 2008 and then has been shaken up in the first quarter of 2008, where gave final result for 2009 negative. Changes in cash from operating activities of JP Morgan Chase Co had increased enormously by 123% from 2006 to 2007 and cash from investing activities had fallen by 27%. By the of the 2007 peri od net change in cash had fallen by 107% where cash from financial activities and effect of exchange rate on cash respectively increased by 20% and 113%. Next year change in cash had decreased enormously by 4844% same as net cash from operating activities and overall effect of exchange rate decrease by 220%. On 2009, net change in cash increased by 95% which drown from a big increase on cash from operations and effect on exchange rate, but the only cash from financial activities and investing activities had fallen by 110% and 161%.  [9] Conclusion Strong buy The decision was made to buy strongly the shares of the company, now. The first reason to do the purchase of the stocks now is the rational decision according to present financial position of the company. The risk of investment in any financial institution has been high during financial crisis but JP Morgan Chase Co did well during past two years compared with other related industry. On the other hand, some may claim that price of shares is increasing as well. In this case, it will be more reasonable to buy now in order to sell for the more expensive price possible. The decision to buy is made according to a good impression of JP Morgan Chase Co made during the previous periods of a difficult financial situation which company did overcome. In spite of decline of many figures on financial statements and high number of debts JPM presented a steady platform for the growth potential, plus insider trading analysis showed that employees of the company keep their stocks , in other words still believe in the prosperity of the company. During the examination for the growth potential there were found a lot of articles of the financial consultants with the positive comments on JPMs future development. JP Morgan Chase Co has not suffered any loss in any quarter for the last two years. The companys earnings growth rate is pretty high than the industrys and which conclude that the company is in strong financial growth. There is still risk of financial crisis, despite the companys performance within the financial market is much more getting better but it is not great as the same time.

I Got Like Sewing Needles - 1986 Words

â€Å"Amber† It was noon when I woke up. I woke up to honking, drumming, screaming, and clean air. Everything was all blurry, and I saw enormous structures that looked like sewing needles. I pinched my arm, hoping this was all a dream. To my surprise, it was not. At this point, I saw more clearly. And I saw buildings alright; a great deal in fact! There was one huge building that was shaped like a pair of rocket boots, and the rest of the buildings were scattered all across the area. The area was quite large, almost the size of Manhattan, and the shape was quite like it as well. Oh how I love Manhattan. It’s so beautiful. Its culture and liveliness make an island like none other. Anyway, I started walking†¦show more content†¦As I opened the gate, everything came to a stand still. I saw the complete opposite of what I had seen in the past few hours. I saw a four story rusty red brick apartment that was worn out and covered in mildew. There were two cement buildings and an old internet cafe. The stench was awful and unbearable. I felt goosebumps come up my arm as I stared deep into the street. As I stood, a drop of filthy water from one of the street lights fell down my back, and a tingle and a shiver went down my spine. I also saw dusty ground, and an old house, which looked awfully similar to mine. Immediately, I hid behind one of the walls as I saw the door move. The door opened, and I saw the person who came out. At first, I was unable to place the person. I knew I had seen them before. But where? Slowly, as realization dawned upon me, I came to a startling conclusion. The person was me. I looked so beautiful, so flawless, so care-free. I looked as if I had it all; all of the worlds riches, and all the worlds solutions were within her possession. I saw myself going back inside of the house. So I followed her. As I came inside of the house, I recognized everything. Nothing had changed in the ten years that my family had been through. I saw the same old green vase my father had traded from a couple of gypsies two years ago for my eleventh birthday. It had the same paisley print and intricate flower design, only a tiny bit faded. I saw the same old

The Case Study of Atlassian Software Company Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Case Study of Atlassian Software Company. Answer: Introduction: Atlassian is one of those startup companies that have reached the highs as a full-grown enterprise within a very short period. Having started its journey in 2002 and founded by Mike-Cannon-Brookes and Scott Farquhar its software facilitates the business teams to unleash their complete potential by collaborating successfully. The software made by Atlassian is also in demand as it acts as developmental tool for agile teams. This Australian based company has been all the rage with their very first software, JIRA that was a great success (Atlassian, 2017). At present, Atlassian operates in six locations of prominent nations and the products of this company help the team members of several different companies to achieve their visions and perform things accordingly (Scholes et al. 2014). However, the unique business policies of Atlassian and especially their product sales and distribution strategy have been the key to success. Porters Five Forces Analysis An analysis of Porters five forces will help to understand better, how the competitive forces of the tech industry have shaped the strategies of Atlassian all these years. If Atlasssians marketing strategy is observed it will show how the company has entirely redefined the competitive strategies of tech companies along with their outlook to address competition in the rapidly evolving market (Gazzola and Colombo 2014). Profitability The enterprise Atlassian was formed on credit of around A$10000 by the entrepreneurs Mike Cannon Brookes and Scott Farquhar. In no time, the venture was a success and generated revenue of worth A$1 million in the very first year. Later, in the year 2005-06 the company grew to an enterprise of worth A$149 million; deservingly, the founders of the company Mike Cannon Brookes and Scott Farquhar were titled with entrepreneur of the year by accounting giant Ernest and Young (Atlassian, 2017). In recent years, Atlassian reported to have generated $215 million as revenue in 2014 and in the next year, FY15 Atlassian reached to A$319.5 million, having a considerable increase of 49 percent on the previous years revenue (Atlassian, 2017). Competitor Analysis: The tech market in which Atlassian operates is immensely competitive in nature and the solutions for effective rivalry are rather fragmented. In addition, this IT market has relative low barriers for new entrants and the threat of competing with the new ones remains always. Atlassian face competition from the larger software companies as well as from the traditional ones (van den Bosch and De Man 2013). The larger software organizations offer complete productivity suites and collaboration, while on the other hand, smaller companies offer specific products for precise use cases and also for features. Among all the competitors of Atlassian in the market, the principal ones are Microsoft Corporation, Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Google, Salesforce.com and the like (Atlassian, 2017). However, Atlassian has surpassed most of them with their innovative distribution model. Most of the companies follow the traditional distribution models for their companies where they concentrate on quota-based sal es representatives and tend to rely on cracking large deals. This strategy is not appropriate to meet the requirements of the teams because the teams of different organizations are constantly driving their decisions of purchasing technology. Macro Environmental Factors: The Macro Environmental Factors of Atlassian is revealed through the Pestle analysis of the company. This analysis would require detailed investigation on political, economic, social, technological and legal factors of the enterprise (Bharadwaj et al. 2013). Political Factors: Operating in six prominent locations at present and that too in different continents, Atlassian like all other multinational giants has to huge amount of taxes especially in the region of U.S and Netherlands. High tax rates are likely to increase subscription rates of the Atlassian products. Economic Factors: The inflation rates and the factor of Gross Domestic Product tend to have an impact on the purchasing ability of the consumers. As the economy of any nation declines, it though not directly, but indirectly affects the purchasing ability of the buyers (Gazzola and Colombo 2014). Among the six locations where Atlassian operates now, Netherlands, San Francisco and California in the States, Philippines, Japan and of course Australia, all are developed countries leaving Philippines. Hence, this tech company has less risk to suffer from any such fluctuations in the economic factors. Social Factors: More and more companies are becoming multinational and technologically advanced these days. Therefore, the demand for the software made by Atlassian is likely to increase. Atlassian also focuses on staff wellbeing and for this donates a considerable amount of its profit. In addition, numerous children in the developing countries are helped by Atlassian to receive education. Their leave schemes are also framed to cater to the employee interests. Technological Factors: Being a tech enterprise, the major concern for Atlassian will obviously be technological factors. This industry is rapidly reshaping itself generating high competition and Atlassian, keeping this fact in mind is spending a lot in technological improvement. From FY13 to FY15 it spent a huge amount of US$247.6 million on research and developmental work. Besides, to upgrade its technological aspects Atlassian has purchased tools like instant messenger HipChat, Crucible and Fisheye and Clover as well as acquired Stepkas Authentisoft (Atlassian, 2017). Legal Factors: The legal factors affecting Atlassians business across the globe are currency exchange, legal registrations to obtain outsourcing facilities for the business purposes and in the case of cross country businesses. Atlassians Corporate Strategy: The corporate strategy of a company determines how the enterprise can attach value over the organizations business grounded on its resources and competencies (Guiso, Sapienza and Zingales 2015). Based on the RC module of corporate strategy, the purpose of analyzing corporate strategy of Atlassian is to identify its valuable resources that put in value to the corporate portfolio of the said company. In order to review the corporate strategy of Atlassian first its resources and competences are to be analyzed. Physical Resources: Atlassian has strong presence in four of the continents and its production capacity is pretty impressive as several popular products have been lunched under the enterprise within these few years. Financial Resources: Atlassian has considerably strong financial resources in form of investors and besides, the company itself generates huge revenue. Human Resources: Atlassian has currently 17000 employees from across the globe working for the company. Intellectual Capital: The company has nearly 13 products patented under its name and more than 60000 satisfied customers using them. Discussing about the competences of Atlassian, both threshold and core competences need to be discussed. Threshold competences: According to this, a company is required to fulfill the minimum requirements of the customers. Employing its unique resources, especially those that support competitive advantage a company continues to sustain the industry competition. In view of this, Atlassian understands the consumers demand very well that they want cheaper products of high quality and easily available. Atlassian by making their products available online eliminating sales force from the marketing and distributing process fulfills these conditions (Grant 2016). Core Competences: Their strategy for online marketing is difficult for others to imitate; where most of the competitive companies still depend on sales representatives to distribute their products, Atlassian has eliminated this phase and thus, has an edge over its competitors. Other than these RC factors, the following aspects are also part of corporate strategy analysis. Growth: Having started its journey in the year 2002, the company has shown signs of steady growth in the past 14 years; from being a startup, it is at present, a full-grown enterprise with almost 2000 people (Atlassian, 2017). Organizational Management: The HR strategy of the company is considerably good it has been hiring competent individuals from across the globe (Guiso, Sapienza and Zingales 2015). Besides that, the smooth operation of the company explains high-quality organizational management. RD technology: Atlassian emphasizes developing and improving its intellectual and technology properties, which is why it has been spending a lot on research works. Risk: However, Atlassian bears considerable amount of risk factor in its style of business. In the first place, the industry, in which it belongs demands continuous innovation and this will be challenging to the company to keep innovating. Besides, to continue with the no sales force strategy in a competitive market is also a matter of great risk (Amini and Bienstock 2014). Service delivery: Every organization must look into its customer experience and that whether they are facing any trouble to use their products (Albeladi, Khan and Khan 2014). In this case, Atlassian is always improving the way they operate and receiving feedbacks from the customers on regular basis. Atlassians Business Strategy: It is an inescapable fact that a strong and well-thought business strategy provides an organization the desired foundation as well as platform to achieve its goals. It consists of the key factors like corporate culture, strategic planning and strategic intents, its evaluation and future thinking and these factors decide how a company is likely to attain its goals. Discussing about Atlassians business strategy these above-mentioned factors are worth analyzing: Corporate Culture: Corporate Culture or Organizational culture of a company refers to its collective beliefs and ideals, vision, leadership, teamwork, flexibility and change management. Atlassian, as a company has a clear set of beliefs and ideals. It is an open company and sharing becomes their first principle. The corporate culture of the company insists the members to spark the change within them first and prioritizes continuous improvement above all. It is an organization that is not driven by pure business intentions but with heart and passion, keeping a balance between everything (Amini and Bienstock 2014). They regard their customers as their topmost priority and ensure that the consumers have a flawless experience at every stage of their purchase. They even evaluate the experience of the buyers after sale and consider their perspective as well. Their teamwork culture is of high praise; they strive to put that first which is right for the team and due to a happy workplace, all the members willingly devote much of their time at job. Strategic Planning and Strategic Intent: Atlassian as a tech company has rightly identified the nerve of this industry i.e. to outpace all other rival companies by rapidly advancing in high-growth fields like cloud computing, data analytics, cyber security, XaaS and lastly in digital content. Atlassian has been quite vigilant in grasping these technological factors of progress and has incorporated most of them in their software products (Grant 2016). Alongside this, Atlassian follows a unique sales and distribution strategy that keeps it much ahead of other competitors. The philosophy of no sales force allows the organization to spend the minimum amount on sales and marketing, as all its products are directly available on the official website of their company. The buyers have the facility of free trial and after that; they are allowed to directly subscribe the software from the site. This also establishes direct relationship between the customers and the company. Atlassians distribution model explains how they have thoughtfully connected them with the customers at every step. They believe in building great products, keeping the price considerably low, pursuing volume, selling the products online, maintaining transparency in pricing and making the trials easy and hence, easy trials require great products so the cycle ends with creating great and innovative products (van den Bosch and De Man 2013). Evaluation of Strategic Planning: Their strategy of no sales force has been a huge success until now and the high revenues generated by them go in their favor. In 2015, Atlassian had to spend only 21% of its revenue in sales and marketing. Future Thinking: Having been established as a brand with this strategy, Atlassian intends to continue with it. Besides, its endeavor to improve continuously will certainly benefit them in the long run (Atlassian, 2017). Strategic Leadership: The entrepreneurs Scott Farquhar and Mike Cannon-Brookes have been the leaders of exceptional influence throughout, who have successfully gathered competent workforce for their company and with the vision of reaching the peak have made Atlassian a well-established brand in tech industry. The way they have made the company adaptable with the rapidly changing industry with their uniquely structured policies, shows clear sign of strategic leadership (Nahavandi 2016). Current Position of Atlassian: Having begun as a startup Atlassian went on for several acquisitions and its most popular products like JIRA, Confluence spawn huge revenue for the company every year (Atlassian, 2017). Presently, Atlassian is in a very stable condition as a company and shows prominent signs to remain that in future also. Conclusion: Winding up the discussion, as the case study reveals it can be said that Atlassians greatest contributory feature in the tech industry is to implement no sales force model that shows new ways to the smaller companies and new startups. Unlike others, it spends more amount of money in building products rather than marketing and selling their products. They are in the right track to say that creating great products automatically attracts customers if the products are made easily available to them. Besides, the organization highly concentrates on employee as well as customer satisfaction and this explains the reason behind their remarkable success. References: Albeladi, K.S., Khan, U.A. and Khan, P.M., 2014, March. Driving business value through an effective IT strategy development. InComputing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom), 2014 International Conference on(pp. 561-563). IEEE. Amini, M. and Bienstock, C.C., 2014. Corporate sustainability: an integrative definition and framework to evaluate corporate practice and guide academic research.Journal of Cleaner Production,76, pp.12-19. Atlassian. (2017). Atlassian | Software Development and Collaboration Tools. [online] Available at: https://www.atlassian.com/?_mid=52b420e7a027ee5e85a26786021320beaceid=adposition=1t1adgroup=12404612438campaign=186505358creative=179601586500device=ckeyword=atlassianmatchtype=pnetwork=gplacement=ds_kids=p17793883759gclid=Cj0KEQjww7zHBRCToPSj_c_WjZIBEiQAj8il5J4EpxAUFVai1DoQa34jcgvQkO9vL3d0dSc1E-CqPuUaAkpD8P8HAQgclsrc=aw.ds Atlassian. (2017). Atlassian | Software Development and Collaboration Tools. [online] Available at: https://www.atlassian.com/ Bharadwaj, A., El Sawy, O.A., Pavlou, P.A. and Venkatraman, N.V., 2013. Digital business strategy: toward a next generation of insights. Gazzola, P. and Colombo, G., 2014. CSR integration into the corporate strategy.Cross-Cultural Management Journal, (06), pp.331-338. Grant, R.M., 2016.Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons. Guiso, L., Sapienza, P. and Zingales, L., 2015. The value of corporate culture.Journal of Financial Economics,117(1), pp.60-76. Nahavandi, A., 2016.The Art and Science of Leadership -Global Edition. Pearson. Scholes, K., Regner, P., Johnson, G., Whittington, R. and Angwin, D., 2014.Exploring strategy: Text cases. Pearson. van den Bosch, F.A.J. and De Man, A.P. eds., 2013.Perspectives on strategy: contributions of Michael E. Porter. Springer Science Business Media.

The Advantages Of Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit Tourism Essay Essay Example

The Advantages Of Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit Tourism Essay Essay The population in Klang Valley towards 2020 will expected to transcend 6 million to 10 million. The additions in the population in Klang Valley and Kuala Lumpur ( KL ) will increase the needed of the conveyances in that country neither in the public conveyance nor the private conveyances. Based on 2009-2010 statistics, the expected population of major metropoliss such as Kuala Lumpur, Kajang, Petaling Jaya are as followers: City Population s Growth ( % ) We will write a custom essay sample on The Advantages Of Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit Tourism Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Advantages Of Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Advantages Of Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Kuala Lumpur 1,468,984 1,475,337 0.43 Petaling Jaya 543,413 638,549 17.5 Selayang 253,421 265,247 4.5 Kajang 428,131 448,243 4.7 Based on the informations, we can see that quickly growing in the major metropoliss in Klang Valley. Harmonizing to the growing of population, we suggests that these metropoliss should be need an great betterment particularly in public installations such as transit. In connexion with the actions of the authorities s programs to set up a public conveyance system ; Mass Rapid Transit in the Klang Valley, this will convey benefits for the citizen. Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit ( KVMRT ) is a new system which proposed the new line under the Selangor and Kuala Lumpur rail theodolite system. This system will be implemented as portion of attempts to do Kuala Lumpur universe category metropolis under the tenth Malaysia Pelan ( 10MP ) . This new KVMRT system will be about 156km long, covering a radius of 20km from the metropolis Centre and have a capacity two million riders per twenty-four hours. This system will supported by the web of feeder coachs and covered paseos to supply end-to-end connectivity commuter and walkers. The KVMRT is linking Sungai Buloh to Kajang which involves the building of a 51km theodolite line. This system will go through through the KL metropolis Centre and be integrated with the bing KTM Komuter, Ampang LRT Line and Kelana Jaya LRT Line. It will hold 35 Stationss and 2 terminals. Therefore, we will be demoing our sentiment which besides consists the advantages and disadvantages sing the Klang Valley Ma ss Rapid Transit. The Advantages of Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit ( KVMRT ) 2.1 Solve the deterioration traffic congestion KVMRT is a undertaking that has a tonss of advantage such as cut downing traffic congestion in the metropolis. We are informed that traffic congestion in the major metropolis such as Kuala Lumpur is really critical. Although invariably upgraded substructure, but congestion still occurs even more severely. This is because the town is an country that became the focal point of the populace. Higher criterion of life in Malaysia has besides resulted in a rise in the figure of vehicles on the route. Paths that do non consistently do traffic congestion. Based on the study conducted, there were 2.2 million vehicles in the country of Kuala Lumpur each twenty-four hours and the peak clip for traffic congestion is at 8.00 am to 9.00 am and 6.00 autopsy to 7.00 autopsy. Studies shows the figure of vehicles sold in the twelvemonth 2010 indicated an addition of 605,156 units over the old twelvemonth but merely 536,905 units, an addition of 12.71 % . This survey shows the figure of vehicles on the roads is increasing and doing the traffic congestion, particularly in the metropolis more critical. The being of this undertaking can work out the deterioration traffic congestion. Besides that, the planetary oil monetary values are unstable and are at high degrees. Residents will travel to utilize public conveyance. This is because when utilizing personal vehicles for any concern it will necessitate a high cost in position of lifting oil monetary values. When utilizing public conveyance, people will be able to cut down the cost of their day-to-day and can assist to diminish the traffic congestion of urban country. Reducing route activity The needed of the conveyances are of import because it is deal to motion in day-to-day life. By all this increases, it will besides increase the route activity where there are big sum of conveyances in the route and will do gridlock in that country. Kuala Lumpur is excessively car-oriented. The additions in the public conveyances can be curbed if there was a good development in the public transit sector. Therefore, to cut down this job, the suited ways is by the additions the utilizations of the populace s conveyance. By the KVMRT undertaking, it will cut down the route activity. It can cut downing the route activity by encourage the rider or the people to utilize the KVMRT. The KVMRT is a first public conveyance system that are able to pull off the efficient in utilizations of conveyances in the route. Harmonizing the StarMetro intelligence, the line will serve same 1.2 million people around the Klang Valley and one KVMRT passenger car can transport 300 people which is tantamount to 177 autos. ( Priya Menon and Shauan Ho, 2011: M2 ) It shows that KVMRT can cut down the route job in that country. It besides can transport the big figure of people and this can assist people moved rapidly and avoiding the route traffics that is the hinderance them motion every twenty-four hours. By merely one passenger car, it can less or decreases the utilizations of autos by 177 autos or tantamount 3 coachs on the route. The route activity will diminish by the utilizations the KVMRT. Therefore, the KVMRT is touted to work out traffic congestion in the Klang Valley. Reduce accident rates The KVMRT undertaking will besides able to cut down accident rates. Accident is a job that frequently occurs, and despite the assorted steps undertaken chiefly by the authorities. However, it is still valid. Since the undertaking is to assist cut down and get the better of the traffic congestion, accident rates indirectly besides be able to be solved. This is because the decreased figure of vehicles on the route because most people will utilize public conveyance ( KVMRT ) to transport out day-to-day activities. KVMRT public conveyance as this provides a high degree of rider safety. It is suffering KVMRT has its ain way and impossible to accident is happen. The tabular array below show the statistic of accident from 2005 until 2009: Record OF ACCIDENT IN MALAYSIA Year Entire 2005 39,132 2006 28,682 2007 27,035 2008 25,865 2009 25,268 Statistik from Jabatan Keselamatan Jalan Raya Ministry of Transportation, Malaysia. ( Kementerian Pengangkutan Malaysia, 2010 ) Promote more economic activities Get downing beginning of this KVMRT undertaking, there will a batch of economic activities exists among them as short and long term investing and making employment chances to people in environing and other countries. Through this development, the KVMRT undertaking will be to help states in accomplishing the Vision 2020. Other multiplier consequence and revenue enhancement grosss to authorities would accrue during the building period. KVMRT undertaking will be built in strategic countries such as in the township. This undertaking was made in the country that has a immense population like in the DBKL, MPKJ, MBSA and MPS legal power. Residential country such as Setiawangsa, Kepong, and Cheras. Commercial and concern zone more in Kuala Lumpur, Damansara and Kajang. The SBK Line traverses along main road and extremely built up countries in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor. The undertaking traverses countries under the legal power of this 5 local governments. As a consequence, in the hereafter, many industries may exists and develop so this will take to the growing of the economic in Malaysia. In occupation creative activity factor, this undertaking will be able to pull more workers at place or outside. The demand to construct the full undertaking will make many occupations for local people. It will be assisting people find their beginning of income in transporting out this undertaking. Convenient to go The KVMRT system that are coming up will do our citizen convenient to go. Let s hold a expression at the circle countries like The Curve, One Utama, TTDI, Seksyen 17 and Sekyen 16 under the map below: Degree centigrades: UsersMazuin HamzahPicturesUntitled.jpg Presently, if the people who stay at exterior of the Damansara countries and wanted to the selected country by utilizing public transits such as LRT, they have to take LRT and halt by at Kelana Jaya and so taking public bus Rapid Bus to travel to the selected countries. This coming undertaking of KVMRT will convert people more. As we know the selected country is the chief topographic point that more people will desire to travel for every weekend. In this instance, hence, people will be delighted to acquire at that place. Beside that, traffic congestion ever occurs between the route of Seksyen 16 to TTDI and with a new system of KVMRT the job to acquire to the selected topographic point will more easiness for the citizen. The same job goes to Sambathan and Pusat Bandar Damansara because there are no direct manner to acquire at that place. Therefore, largely people have to take either LRT and public coach or they have to take two coachs if they wanted to make at that place. The direct manner of KVMRT will ease people more comparison to the current public transit in Klang Valley. Actually there are many other topographic point that should hold public installations particularly in term of transit. However the new KVMRT has cover the chief topographic points in Klang Valley that most of the people will travel. Besides, the 35 Stationss of this coming KVMRT system will make an ease entree for a batch of topographic points. Based on the map above, it will more convenient to travel to the other topographic points. There s a batch of people complain that they ca nt acquire to One Utama or The Curve without ain transit such as auto or bike. This job can be handled by presenting the new system of KVMRT. Other than that, there are no public transit either coach, KTM, The Star or other public transit that are able to travel from Sungai Buloh to Kajang straight. Normally people have to travel to KL Sentral to take another coach or train. Alternatively of taking KVMRT, it will more easier to make the topographic points such as Chocharane and Plaza Phoenix which are next the route. Therefore, the coming launch of KVMRT will do the entree of one topographic point to another topographic point more easier, comfy and less fuss. Increase the criterion of life Besides, one of the advantages is to better the quality of life. Through the KVMRT, the community located near theodolite Michigans, people can more easy and rapidly settle their day-to-day undertakings. Daily activities can run swimmingly and people can salvage a batch of clip and can pass more clip with their household. Location such as Kuala Lumpur, Petaling Jaya, Seremban and Johor Bahru, the degrees of pollutants from vehicles needfully higher. With the KVMRT system of air pollution caused by vehicles to avoid farther to better the quality of health care. Save cost and travel clip KVMRT undertaking execution could hold a positive impact on urban environment in footings of economic efficiency, productiveness and equality of life, every bit good as the quality of life. Some of the positive impact can be seen that there is a rider clip nest eggs and vehicle operating costs and diminish the cost of an accident in which a platform is safe from the route. We can see from the general public respondents and feedback for the section Sg. Buloh to Damansara showed that 41.9 % agreed that the nest eggs in clip and travel clip can be achieved. While the path from Maluri to Kajang showed 39.8 % of respondents of the populace and agree responses. A big per centum of 82 % of respondents indicated that they still use the MRT as it is delighting to the school or their motion into the market recorded a sum of 49.5 % . The path of Sg. Buluh to Kajang besides able to cut down travel costs by RM1.6 billion each twelvemonth. Reduction of traffic congestion ensuing in a decrease of c lip can be expected of 100s of 1000000s. Those who use public conveyance will see cost nest eggs in vehicle operation. Savingss in fuel costs and vehicle care costs can be felt by consumers due to the decrease of auto traffic. The Disadvantages of Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit ( KVMRT ) Percepts of the Residents For the KVMRT undertaking, apart from the positive side of perceptual experience, there are besides some perceptual experiences of negative facets of the undertaking which are come from the occupants sentiments and perceptual experiences and these are all the ground why the occupants do non back up the KVMRT undertaking. We will discourse some occupants perceptual experiences of negative facets here. ERE Consulting Group had province some negative perceptual experience of respondents about the KVMRT undertaking. Based from the Sungai Buloh to Semantan respondents perceptual experience of negative facets of the undertaking, 2.7 % of them think that the KVMRT undertaking may do the job of land acquisition or relocation in some country ( ERE Consulting Group, 2011: 17 ) . While, there are 8.1 % of same negative sentiment from the respondents from Maluri to Kajiang ( ERE Consulting Group, 2011: 18 ) . The occupants are inquire if the KVMRT undertaking cause some of the occupants belongingss may be acquired and causes them resettled at another location if their belongingss fell in the way of KVMRT alliance ( ERE Consulting Group, 2011: 18 ) . If so, the occupants will because of the KVMRT undertaking and lost their belongingss and place. Apart from that, based from the Sungai Buloh to Semantan respondents perceptual experience of negative facets of the undertakings, approximately 4.1 % of them are believe that, the undertaking is excessively close to the residential country, and this will do many job to the occupants who are remaining near there ( ERE Consulting Group, 2011: 17 ) . While, there are 0.8 % of same negative sentiment from the respondents from Maluri to Kajang ( ERE Consulting Group, 2011: 18 ) . When the path is excessively close with the residential country, it will do many jobs. Harmonizing to some occupants sentiments, they do non back up the KVMRT undertaking is because they think that when the building is excessively close with the residential country, this will make many jobs in their lodging country. For case, this state of affairs will make a batch of job to the occupants which live near with the building or undertaking country such as their safety job, pollution job ( noise, dust, inundations ) , and so on. These are the jobs that ever worry by the occupants ( ERE Consulting Group, 2011: 18 ) . Prove to mishandle In this undertaking, we will able to cognize how they manage the financess and operations to guarantee the success of the MRT undertaking is to finish the degree to be proud of. Fund direction is critical because it is the chief beginning in implementing this undertaking. In this instance, the financess used to construct the railroad and the path is really high if compared with the building of other railroads. A really high cost needed to beef up the system for this undertaking. It is non denied in the undertaking direction of the fund will non divert the way should non be spent. Practice of corruptness will happen and the effects the financess allocated will be affected. Cause pollution jobs The disadvantages of MRT undertaking is will do pollution jobs. It is because of the building undertaking is close to residential countries. Hence, people populating near the undertaking country will see perturbation and pollution jobs such as dust and noise pollution. This job is experienced by people populating in the 30 metre distance from the Sungai Buluh Route to Kajang. entire 2080 lodging units, 2980 units of condominium / flat units and 1,000 flats located within 30m of the path corridor SBK. In add-on, there were 12 establishments, three mosques, two churches, a temple, four infirmaries and 40 medical centres and authorities composites and shopping centres. Measurement of sound degrees to 24-hours has been conducted for 18 locations on 26 July -20 August 2010 and 1 December 2010 December 30, 2010 found that most of the noise degree exceeds the degree specified for residential countries of Town ( 60dBA to 50dBA for the twenty-four hours and clip dark ) . The jobs caused by h aze building machinery and building activities undertaken during this undertaking. Safety to resident non guaranteed/crime/theft These effects in footings of security of the population is non guaranteed, offenses such as larceny occurred. A travel from Maluri to Kajang make the boiling response of the public respondents showed 13.1 % expressed their concern for the safety of the people associated with offense. The populace is through the quiet lanes may be exposed to the hazard of larceny. In add-on, other jobs such as hazard to public safety associated with the occupants, workers, route users and nearby edifices. Underground works concern to employees workers engaged in building and public plants within the scope of the country of safety factors. In add-on, the school SJK ( C ) Nam Kheung were nearby Maluri Retrival Shaft was one of the critical countries. The usage of particular equipment used for building of multi section ( elevated ) position of the work carried out at tallness. Members of the populace and employees who are under or near the work elevated covering with high security hazard. Make the parking job The additions in the private conveyances such as autos will make the gridlock on the route. Although the KVMRT will cut down the route activity by its strengthens in carried the big sum of people that are equal to 177 autos uses or 3 coachs uses, it will make a high job around that country. KVMRT will make the parking job on the KVMRT countries such as its station and the terminals. KVMRT undertaking will give consequence on the parking job in two state of affairs or clip that is when concept the conveyances station or KVMRT web line and when that undertaking complete. When the concept clip, more than one activity should be manage proper Begin such as the public-service corporations like H2O and cloaca brinies, electrical overseas telegrams, gas pipe and so on. This activity will may impermanent loss the parking infinite and will make the parking job on that country. Beside that the affected procedure will used the big figure of country and it will give the old country. The concept clip besides can impermanent closed the route that will do the gridlock in the route and impermanent closing of route lanes. By the clip, the KVMRT undertaking will finish and it ever create the parking job but in the country of the terminal or the station. The additions in the Klang Valley and KL country will increase the demand of public conveyance such as autos because the KVMRT are enable easier connectivity between the populated on that country. The needed of the public conveyance besides will increase and to guarantee the rider can utilize the KVMRT conveyance system, they need to happen the parking country for them autos. Peoples will park country the station or the terminal if they want used the KVMRT conveyances. So, the KVMRT station should be more in parking country and if non the parking job will be in a large state of affairs. By with the efficiencies in concept the KVMRT conveyances system, it will make the parking job in that countries weather in the concept clip or when it become complete. The parking job will do higher jobs and will increase the societal job. 4.0 Some Thought Regarding KVMRT Upon cognizing this affair, the residential particularly around the countries which are included in the coming undertaking argues will likely reason with each other, one side that said this undertaking brings more injury to our Mother Earth and one side that supports this undertaking, as our group did before we realize that every physical development around the universe will at least impact the ambiance of Earth and, of class, human. The negative effects of physical development can non be prevented, but it can be reduced, at least to a degree that the injuries directed to Earth and its life signifier is low. One of the ways to minimise the effects of physical development of this undertaking is to finish the undertaking at a faster rate ( should it be carried out ) . Peoples will get down to utilize the KVMRT when the undertaking has been done, cut downing the rate of air pollution caused by the extended usage of fossil fuels to run cars. However, it may non be seeable to the people because most of them will merely see the good this undertaking will make to them ; less money to pass on fuels in this desperate times. But does this mean that the authorities will acquire the same benefits as the people do? This method requires great sum of financess. Other methods to cut down the effects of the KVMRT undertaking besides require more and more financess. This so leads to another inquiry ; will the authorities be willing to set more money on this undertaking? The excess fund needed can be used for other affairs that are no less of import than this undertaking is such as developing rural countries to cut down the rate of poorness in the state, heightening the touristry sector to pull more tourers, and many more. It all goes back to the authorities to make up ones mind about it. 5.0 Decision As a decision, there are pros and cons sing to this Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit that coming up shortly. From the treatment above, the KVMRT undertaking has many benefits to the people once it is completed but they will hold to bear with the jobs that may look during the completion of the undertaking. Should the authorities decides to go on with their programs? We believe that this undertaking should be able take Malaysia closer to its mark ; to be one of the universe s advanced states by 2020. But from what have been discussed above, they are many negative effects, some may happen and some will happen, to the people and the environment if the undertaking is carried out. Therefore, the KVMRT, without uncertainty, brings good benefits to the people, but it put a strain on the authorities ; put more, find methods that require fewer financess, or merely travel on with the current program? The people will besides hold to confront the jobs that may and will go on during the completion of the undertaking. We know that the KVMRT undertaking has a great opportunity to be carried out albeit the fund it requires and the job that may originate when it is on the building phase.

Dusk over the Atlantic Wharf Essays

Dusk over the Atlantic Wharf Essays Dusk over the Atlantic Wharf Essay Dusk over the Atlantic Wharf Essay Wharf Laths marriage has been arranged therefore she does not know her husband that well. She keeps thinking of why her father wanted her to come to Wales. He said it was so she would have a good future. She seemed happy in India and that is why she is wondering why she was sent to Wales. It says In line 55 that she wanted to love him desperately but he made It difficult for her at times. She wants the married to work and It seems like she really does care for him. He probably Just married her because of Indian customs. They think every should get married and they should marry an Indian person. He does not have his heart In this married. He goes on with his everyday life and he forgets to make his wife a part of It. When she does not fit In to the Welsh way of life he gets embarrassed Instead of helping her by telling her how things are done In Wales. He cuts her of when she talks and Ignores her when she cries In the car. A husband Is supposed to support his wife no matter If the marriage Is arranged or not. They eave made a lifelong commitment and It will not last If he does not pay more attention to Lata s feelings and help her become integrated in his life and surroundings. In the end she is sad because she is home sick. Every time she tries to talk about her home Anus cuts her of and says Cardiff is your home now. Instead of being loving and supportive and talking to her about her problems he lust cuts her off. He does not even help getting her settled into the Welsh culture. It is clear that she wants and needs to talk about the home she left behind in order o settle into her new home and he does not help her with that. Not only is it hard for her to marry a man she barely knows, but she also had to move to another country to be with him. She moved for him therefore it is his responsibility to help her get settled in. If he found the talking in the movie theater embarrassing he could have talked to her about the movie and her homesickness with her in the car when they were alone. Perhaps Anus did not want to get married, but was forced by his family. It could seem to be the case based on the way he treats Lata.

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Leadership - Essay Example Being a leader requires being able to make decisions along with the team and taking on the responsibility of any consequence from the decision that was made. She must also be able to inspire her team to do their best and accomplish positive results. To be able to do such a feat she must show them that she has sufficient knowledge and could establish trust and support within the group. As the person-in-charge, Courtney should realize that her team members including herself should be committed and capable. Meaning that they know what they are doing and dedicated in accomplishing their individual tasks for the collective effort of the group. Aside from this she must also see to it that the group could work well together and any conflicts could easily be ironed out (eioba, n.d.). In this regard she must be able to command respect not because she is the leader but because she is experienced, capable and a good team player who can lead the team in the proper direction to attain their common goal. And though there may be tough times, she must always be resilient and supportive of her team members who are not considered as just co-workers but as friends and

American History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

American History - Essay Example The author writes in this context as a response to the augments made by these writers and in his view the most important efforts were done by Richard Powers (1994) and Ellen Shrecker. The political and cultural sitting at the time of the writing of the paper includes the fall of the Soviet Union and the collapse of international communism prompting. The writing of the article was also prompted by the reevaluation of the cold war era in America by different writers prompting the author to present the most important writers. The intended audiences for the article are students, scholars, and the public. The article is aimed at this audience as a measure of augmenting the understanding aspects of cold war era and demonstrating the various issues at play during the time. The article’s thesis is making a combination of two perspectives on anticommunism with the aim of seeking an evaluation of consequences of anticommunism and the mix of responsible and extremist elements. The study’s objective is achieved through an examination of the investigations by the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC) on the activities undertaken by the Communist Party of Maryland. In summary the article provides the controversies associated with the communism in the writings of Power and Shrecker but makes a point in showing that the two writers had some similarities in their view of the period. The similarity is that the two writers acknowledged that anticommunist protests were waged against mainly members and organizations tied to the Communist Party USA (CPUSA). Some of the arguments in the article include the fact that Power’s states the nature of anticommunism as complex, pluralist movement containing elements of responsible, principled, and conspiracy-based extremists1. On the other hand, Shrecker considers McCarthyism as having caused setbacks for labor, restriction of

My Favourite Book Essay Example for Free

My Favourite Book Essay Lots of people read tabloid newspapers. Tabloid nespapers are read by lots of people. 2. Sue Green reads the news on television. The news on television is read by Sue. 3. The witness is helping the police. The police is being helped by the witness. 4. The newspapers arent publishing the photographs. The photographs arent published by the newspapers. 5. The police have arrested the driver. The driver has been arrested by the police. 6. The thief had taken the painting before the gard woke up. The paintinghad been taken before the guard woke up. 7. The company will deliver the flowers the next day. The flowers will be delivered the next day. 8. The government is going to give every school student a computer. A computer is going to be given to the every school student by the government. 9. You can buy a magazine on the train. A Magazinecan be boughton the train. (by you) 10. My sister made a pop video. The pop videowas made by my sister. Complete this radio news report using a passive form on the verbs in the brackets ! Good afternon . The lunch time news today will be read(read) by John Houard. The prime minister has visited a primary school in Ipswich where she (meet)has been metby the children and their teachers. She opened a new sports centre that (build)was built with money raised by the parents and teachers. Another $20 000 (need)are needed to finish the swimming pool so more money raising activities ( organise)will be organised for the summer months. Earlier today a group of pensioners was in accident when their coach (hit)was hit by lorry. The pensioners (help )were helped by local people until ambulances arrived. Most the passanger (alow)wasnt alowed to go home immediately, but thoose with more serious injuries (take)have been taken to Norwich central hospital later today. Witnesses say that the lorry (drive)was being drivingtoo fast. Rewrite the sentences using have/get something done ! 1. I will ask someone to repair my school bag. I will have my school bag repaired . 2. My sisters car is being seviced. My sister is getting her car serviced . 3. Someone is testing my fathers eyes. My father is getting his eyes tasted . 4. The grass is too long – I will pay someone to cut it. I will get the grass cut. . 5. I have taken my trousers to the cleaners. I have had my trousers cleaned. Rewrite the descriptions using compound adjectives ! 1. A skiing holiday that is two weeks long. Two-week skiing holiday is too long for me. 2. A baby who is six months old. Six month-old baby is very healthy. 3. A men with white hair. White-haired man is old and lovely. 4. A flight of six hours. Six-hour flight is boring. 5. A carpet made by hand. Handmade carpet is beautiful. Circle the correct preposition to form multipart verbs ! 1. When we have visiters we turn off/over the television. 2. My father always goes to sleep with television turned on/over. . My sister turns on/overthe channel to annoy me. 4. I turn down/to volume during the advertisements. 5. When I want to watch football I turn to/upmy mom for support. Circle the correct words in the latter ! Dear Colleague, On the 14th of june we will be holding a party to celebrate/celebration to success of our latest game show/opera. As you know, Win a Car! Is very popular/popularity and it will be good publish/publicityto hold a big thank-you party for stuff and successful players. The organise/organisation of the party is being done by my assistent. Yours faithfully.

Animals and Nature in the Work of Margaret Wise Brown :: Biography Biographies Essays

Animals and Nature in the Work of Margaret Wise Brown Read almost any book by Margaret Wise Brown, and you will start to see some overlapping trends. Readers know when they are reading a work by this famous author without seeing the cover or title page because her works have so many similarities. The use of multiple animals and nature frequently appear in her books and serve as common ideas in literature by Margaret Wise Brown. Many of Margaret Wise Brown’s most famous books have animals as the main character. For example, Runaway Bunny and Goodnight Moon, two of her most popular books, feature rabbits as the main characters. Further, in Goodnight Moon, the animal’s behavior is parallel to that of humans. For example, the motherly figure on the rocking chair is reading to the young rabbit as many parents do to their children. Additionally, Brown adds a humorous element as the young rabbit seems to have pets. Margaret Wise Brown was truly fascinated by animals, and she understood children’s attraction to animals. Tellingly, when Brown reflects on her childhood she mentions her â€Å"thirty-six rabbits, two squirrels†¦a collie dog, and two Peruvian hens, a Belgian hare, seven fish, and a wild robin who came back every spring† (Days Before Now). From this information about Brown, one understands where her love of animals originated--her childhood. Additionally, animals were kind to her and did not restrict or belittle Brown the way some individuals did regularly. Brown was allowed to have constant interaction with animals, which proved to be influential in her writing career. Overall, Margaret Wise Brown used numerous animals, especially rabbits because of her love for creatures and the understanding she possessed of children’s love of and interest with animals. Another area of focus when creating her books is nature. As a child, nature became Brown’s life as she notes, I grew up along the beaches and in the woods of Long Island Sound. This was the country. And from then on I was terribly busy hitching up all the dogs I could find to pull me around on my sled in the snow, and picking cherries high up in cherry trees, chasing butterflies, and burning leaves, and picking up shells on the beach, and watching the new flowers come up in the woods as the seasons passed (Days Before Now) This passage gives readers an enhanced understanding of this talented author, as they see her passion for the wilderness during childhood.

Best Rich Picture Book

Designing touch screen voting systems: a rich picture exercise. Name: Course: Instructor: Pavel Gokin HF 770 Prototyping Chauncey Wilson Collecting the data. My primary source of data was the Internet in general and the ACM digital library in particular. The papers and articles found there provided information about the design and use of voting systems, as well as the entities influencing or influenced, directly or indirectly, by the system. Some of the stakeholder concerns came from my personal experience and educated guessing.This is, of course, not how I would collect the data for this rich picture if I were doing it as a â€Å"real† project. Ideally, the insights would come from contextual interviews of the stakeholders as outlined in Monk and Howard’s article (Monk & Howard, 1998, p. 22). Thus the concerns addressed by the design would be real user concerns (albeit reported rather than observed) rather than what I, the designer, think the concerns were. Touch scree n voting systems (VS) share most of the same stakeholders with all types of voting machines.The exceptions here are the stakeholders that come into play due to the electronic nature of the data collection. For example, the Secretary of State office, where voting system vendors have to escrow the source code of their systems (Dill et al. , nd, 2. 3). However, some design issues and stakeholder concerns are unique to touch screen VS. Let’s look at the stakeholders and their concerns, expressed in their own words. Primary / core stakeholders. 1. The voter. This one is obvious. However, it may be useful to break this stakeholder into sub-stakeholders. Here’s why. Voting systems must be usable by all citizens 18 years of age or older.This includes not only â€Å"normal† voters, but also the elderly, disabled, uneducated, poor, and minorities (Bederson, 2003, p. 145). Each group has additional concerns on top of the ones it shares with all of the voters. a. Concerns c ommon to all voters, in their own words, include: i. â€Å"Will I be able to figure this thing out quickly? † ii. â€Å"Will my vote be properly recorded and counted? How will I know? † iii. â€Å"Will my vote be kept anonymous? † b. Disabled: i. â€Å"Will I be able to see the screen? Will I be able to use the system without seeing anything? † (low/no vision) ii. â€Å"Will I be able to reach the controls? † (stature, wheelchair) iii. Will I be able to indicate my selection properly? † (motor) c. Elderly. In addition to having physical disabilities, the elderly are particularly distrustful of technology. They often need written proof of important transactions (i. e. paper social security checks). i. â€Å"Will I get a paper receipt or some written confirmation of my vote? † ii. â€Å"Will I have enough time to do everything comfortably? † d. Low literacy users: i. â€Å"Will I be able to understand the instructions/choices? â €  e. The poor and racial/ethnic minorities: i. â€Å"I can do this much better in Spanish! † ii. â€Å"Will they even count my ballot? †1 2. Poll workers.Poll workers are the people who deploy and manage the systems. Their concern stems from the fact that they have minimal training on the system and, therefore, may not be able to troubleshoot problems or answer questions (Bederson, 2003, p. 145): â€Å"†¦ because poor and ethnic and racial minorities were more likely to cast their ballots on outdated systems, their votes were among the least likely to be counted† (Bederson, 2003, p. 145). 1 a. â€Å"Oh no! Election night is tomorrow and we only got these things this morning! How will I ever learn how to use it, let alone help someone if they have a problem? † 3. The VS’s UI designer.This role may physically reside inside the system vendor’s organization (and influenced by it), but it also has its own concerns. a. â€Å"How can I de sign the interface so that it meets the requirements least expensively and do so without working nights and weekends to meet the deadline? † The problem here is three-fold: (i) requirements may stress functionality required to pass certification rather than assure a usable product (FEC’s fault); (ii) the pressure to cut costs may mean that some of the users’ needs will be sacrificed; (iii) personal time pressure means that the designer may not have enough time to come up with the best solution. . The VS’s programmer. a. â€Å"How can I program this thing so that it meets the requirements and what shortcuts can I take so that I get it all done while only working nights and weekends to meet the deadline? † The programmer’s problems are similar to those of the designer: too little time to care about the user experience. Secondary stakeholders. 5. The management team of the VS vendor. Their concern is, among others: a. â€Å"We need to design a system that will pass qualification by the ITA. † b. â€Å"How can we design, manufacture and sell the system most profitably? † c. Who has the deepest pockets to pay for our state of the art system? † 6. State and local authorities who purchase the system. According to Bederson et al. â€Å"state or county purchasers are usually more concerned about cost than usability† (Bederson, 2003, p. 145): a. â€Å"Who’s got the cheapest NASED-certified system? † Note that this concern is in conflict with the VS vendor’s need to charge as much as possible for the systems. 7. The Federal Election Committee (FEC) creates voting system standards (VSS): a. â€Å"We need a system that’s secure, reliable, and accessible. † 8.The Independent Testing Authority (accredited by the National Association of State Election Directors (NASED)) qualifies VS for use in elections (Coggins, 2004, p. 35): a. â€Å"Does this system meet the qualificatio n requirements? † 9. Electees. To quote/paraphrase Al Gore: a. â€Å"We need a complete and accurate count! † 10. The Media. Would they ever love to dig up some â€Å"dirt† on a system that a disabled veteran could not use and was thus disenfranchised! a. â€Å"Are there systems out there that are not secure or accessible? † 11. Political Analysts. They too like to talk about chads. a. Will the new systems again threaten our Democracy? † The Rich Picture. The diagram on the following page places (a) all the stakeholders, (b) their concerns, and (c) their relationships to one another. The relationships are defined by the information or material goods they exchange. The voter stakeholder is â€Å"exploded† into its subgroups. Direct stakeholders appear in the shaded area. Will I be able to figure the system out quickly so I can help the voters? Will I understand the instructions / choices? The Voter Can I figure this out quickly? I can do this m uch better in Spanish!Instructions / help Poll Worker Requests for assistance Low Literacy Voter Voter Will I be able to use this thing at all? Poor and Racial/Ethnic Minority Will I get a receipt? Sala ry Need the cheapest certified system we can get. Need to cut costs and charge more. Votin g Syste m s Disabled Voter Elderly Voter er Us inp ut (? ) I don’t have time for UCD! I want a complete and accurate vote count! State / Local voting authority (VS Purchaser) t un co te Vo l resu Vote ts System design Salary Paym ent VS Designer System VS Vendor ec code I wish I had more time! Salar s sp y Qu m aliVote results Sy ste fic o ati Electee VS Programmer n# Is poor design causing disenfranchisement among the voters? Media We want â€Å"dirt† on badly designed voting systems! Political Media Analyst We need universal standards for secure and accessble systems V S Qu alificat Repor ion t NASED VS n Sta da s rd ITA Vote res u lts Note: Primary / core stakeholders appear in the light gray shaded area FEC Discussion. Obtaining concerns. Since I didn’t interview the stakeholders, many of the concerns are based on my assumptions about the stakeholders. Therefore, those concerns may not be real.For the same reason I can only guess the exact language to use in the concerns thought bubbles. An interesting alternate strategy could have been to omit unverified concerns. In this case the resulting rich picture would point to information gaps requiring more research. Which concerns to include. Even if all concerns are identified we must keep in mind that some affect the system about which we’re trying to make a rich picture while others don’t. In general, identifying concerns that have an impact on the design of the touch screen voting system was difficult.This was especially true for indirect stakeholders. In addition, choosing concerns that seem to have an impact on the system being designed and ignoring the others may have caused me to o mit an important concern that may have a significant impact on the system. Direct vs. indirect stakeholders. Where to draw the line? The way I dealt with this problem was to classify as direct stakeholders all entities that physically interact with the system or whose decisions have a direct impact on a particular voting system. A possible alternate approach.In their paper, Monk and Howard illustrate two approaches to indicating process flows between stakeholders in a rich picture: illustrating the flow of data and the flow of influence. While I chose to illustrate the flow of data or information, the influence flow approach could have provided some interesting insights as well. I could have placed the system itself in the center of the diagram and represented the ways in which the different stakeholders influenced the system using process arrows. These influences, combined with concerns, could then be used to create system requirements. Bibliography. Bederson, B. B. , Lee, B. Sherm an, R. M. , Herrnson, P. , Niemi, R. G. (April, 2003). Electronic Voting System Usability Issues. CHI 2003, April 5–10, 2003, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA. Dill, D. L. , Mercuri, R. , Neumann, P. G. , & Wallach, D. S. (nd). Frequently Asked Questions about DRE Voting Systems. Retrieved on February 14, 2006 from: http://www. verifiedvoting. org/article. php? id=5018. Coggins, C. (November, 2004). Independent Testing of Voting Systems. Communications of the ACM, October, 2004, 47(10), pp. 34-38. Monk, A. , & Howard, S. (March-April, 1998). The rich picture: A tool for reasoning about work context. Interactions, pp. 21-30.